Homologous chromosome

Aseptic Technique The principles of the aseptic technique are easy to understand, however, they are invaluable if a proper procedure is to be executed in such a laboratory setting. Primarily, to understand its importance, it must be understood what is aseptic technique. In essence, aseptic technique is the collection of procedures and steps performed to ensure both the cleanliness of the laboratory setting, and more importantly, the purity of the components used; that is to say, to ensure that…

Technology today now allows us to address the idea of cloning. Cloning is creating an identical genetic copy of an organism or a cell. The process of this is there will be three subjects A, B, and C a body cell will be taken from A, the DNA will be extracted then an egg cell will be taken from B the nucleus removed. The DNA from A is fuse with the egg cell from B the fused cell develops into an embryo when it is placed in C the surrogate and then the clone is of subject A. To get to cloning…

has any influence on chromosome instability and if it does, how to correct it. This is important because chromosome instability is proposed to be a major contributor to the acceleration of cancer cell evolution1, and as a previously overlooked source, cohesion fatigue can induce chromosome instability. The authors focused on the cohesion complex in this study since in a previous study they identified that a certain protein, Ska3, was important in the maintaining of chromosome cohesion2. This…

In mitosis, a cell produces two clones of itself, each with the same number of chromosomes. In meiosis, a cell will produce four cells called gametes through the process of spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Gametes are most commonly known as sperm cells in males and egg cell in females. Unlike mitosis, the gametes that meiosis produces are not clones of the original cell as each gamete has exactly had as many chromosomes of the original cell and are all different from one another (siblings).…

The human genome is composed of millions of molecules of DNA perfectly packaged into 23 chromosomes. Each human is the result of a combination of the same four nucleotides, yet every single one is unique. Perhaps, this is due to the slight variation in each human’s DNA, or maybe the explanation lies in a person’s upbringing. The purpose of studying human development is to understand why people change by applying the scientific method to existing theories, which provide the basis for…

reproduces many offspring and the offspring are created in a very fast fourteen-day cycle. The mutations are easy to identify because the traits that are affected are noticeable. (1) It contains only a few chromosomes. The only ones that contain a significant amount of genetic information are chromosomes two, three, and X. The female…

Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation. “Some insects, fishes, amphibians, mollusks, crustaceans, cnidarians, echinoderms and tunicates undergo metamorphosis, which is usually accompanied by a change of habitat or behavior”. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki). But this change has been incorporated to human’s life…

Spina Biffida Spina Biffida is a genetic disorder. A genetic disorder is an often-inherited medical condition caused by an abnormality in DNA. Per year, there are around 20,000 out of 200,000 babies in the US affected by Spina Biffida. Spina Biffida is a defect of the spine in which part of the spinal cord is exposed through a gap in the backbone. It is caused by bones not forming properly. It can often lead to being paralyzed below the waist as well as mental problems. Spina Biffida can be…

The sex chromosome determines whether a zygote will be male or female. Females have XX sex chromosomes and males have XY chromosomes. One chromosome comes each comes from the gametes of the parents. Each egg has an X chromosome and “if the sperm contains a Y chromosome, the match with the female chromosome will be XY, and the child will be genetically male,” (Ginsberg, Nackerud & Larrison, 2004, p. 198). On the other hand if the chromosomes from each parent is XX the child…

3. Results 3.1. Bumblebees We recorded a total of 98 bumblebee individuals (Bombus sp.) comprising 13 species (Appendix A, Table A.1). Sixty-four individuals belonging to 12 species were identified in managed meadows, and 34 individuals belonging to 8 species in abandoned meadows. Three of the total species were cuckoo bumblebees (Bombus [Psithyrus] sp). Five species were classified as long-tongued and 8 species as short-tongued. Total species richness and number of long-tongued species were…