Halogen

sluggishly with cool yellow flames and black soot. Alkanes do not react with bromine in dark but react in light. Presence of ultra-violet light or flame, the alkanes will undergo substitution reaction with halogens. For instance, in UV light, hexane reacts with halogen molecules such as bromine and produce…

conveniently reach in daily life before the doomsday. Furthermore, Mandel also writes specific details to compose vivid images in readers’ mind. For example, she writes “No more concert stages lit by candy-colored halogens, no more electronica, punk, electric guitars” (31). “Candy-colored halogen” is supposed to do nothing with the theme of this novel, but it can quickly draw people to imagine the pictures of a joyful theatre which has brought endless happiness to audiences every night before…

Therefore, the three-dimensional unsteady heat conduction differential equation is: where T (x, t) is the temperature of the spot x at the time t and is also the coefficient of thermal diffusivity used to measure the heat transfer and storage ability of the material, which varies with temperature and position. Equation (5) gives the form of three-dimensional heat transfer function. It is generally difficult to find the analytical solution because of the complexity of the actual solution…

Introduction: Investigating the effects of light intensity, NH4CL, and DCMU on the rate of electron transport in spinach thylakoid membranes was the purpose of this lab. Photosynthesis is the process that routinely drives electron transport across the thylakoid membrane but can be impacted when additional factors are added. Two phases known as the light reactions and the Calvin cycle makeup photosynthesis. Plastoquinone shuttle, water oxidation, and NADP+ reduction are the major factors of the…

the showmanship of element practicality, fluorine is an outstanding competitor! It truly displays admirable qualities. With further explanation, fluorine will be asserted to outshine the rest. Keeping with the idea, as the uppermost member of the Halogen Family, fluorine claims the atomic number 9.Though that statement in itself may not seem impressive, the atomic number of fluorine officially describes the nine units of positive charge, called protons, that correspond with nine units of…

traits does fluorine have? Read my ABC book and find out. A is for… Atomic number The atomic number of fluorine is 9. The most common isotope of fluorine is 19F and 18F. Fluorine is more stable in when it has 10 neutrons. Fluorine is a halogen and is placed on the right near the noble gas neon. B is for… Bonds Fluorine can bond with almost every element! It can create an ionic bond by bonding with another element such as sodium to create NaF. It can also use covalent…

Stereochemistry (Reaction of Haloalkanes) Stereoisomers are compounds having the same molecular formula but they are different in the special arrangement. Stereoisomers fall into two main categories Geometric isomers- This is further subdivided into cis and trans isomers. Optical Isomers In this section, we will discuss the optical isomers and how their involvement in the reactions of haloalkanes. Optical Isomers Optical isomers are compounds having the same molecular formula but they differ in…

is the symbol for CI. Chlorine is a chemical element it has a atomic mass of 35. Chlorine has 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 17 electrons. The electron configuration for chlorine is 3s2-3p5. Chlorine has a boiling point of 3.16, and is family with halogen. Chlorine was discovered in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele. He obtained it through the reaction of the mineral pyrolusite manganese dioxide with hydrochloric acid. Carl Wilhelm Scheele thought that chlorine contained gas. They confirmed chlorine in…

When a hydrogen atom of an alkane is replaced by halogens, they become an alkyl halide compound which can also be called haloalkanes. There are two types of reaction within the alkyl halides. When another atom replaces the halide ion, the reaction becomes a substitution reaction, and when the halide ion leaves with another atom or ion, it becomes an elimination reaction (Weldegirma, 2015). The substitution reaction can be divided into either electrophilic substitution or nucleophilic…

Using a specific example discuss a possible target for the development of anti-mycobacterial therapeutics ATP synthase is a main enzyme used to produce ATP in respiration of a cell. It makes use of a proton gradient in the mitochondrial cell membrane to generate ATP. By transporting protons back across the membrane, using ADP and a phosphate ion to create ATP. Normally most bacteria can gain enough ATP to grow optimally through substrate level phosphorylation, however it has been shown that M.…