Glycolysis

1. Glycolysis a. Indicate at what stage the compound is officially no longer a sugar, and why? The compound is no longer a sugar is at stage five. This is because the fructose 1,6 bisphosphate in stage four, breaks down from a six carbon sugar to two, three carbon molecules. The first one being dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and the other being glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). b. Indicate how the glucose enters the cell The glucose enters the cell through facilitated diffusion because it’s a large molecule and only small, and non-polar molecules can pass through the membrane via simple diffusion. Facilitated diffusion occurs with the help of carrier proteins, which shuttles the molecules across the cell’s membrane without using…

The process of Cellular Respiration occurs in every living thing on the planet. This process creates energy and we all need energy to survive. The three stages of Cellular respiration are Glycolysis, The Kreb’s Cycle and The Electron Transport chain. Glycolysis is the first step to cellular respiration. There are 2 stages that make Glycolysis happen. The first is the “Investment” stage. As you consume food, glucose is consumed and passed through the cytoplasm. In order for the investment stage…

10/11/15 Nick Roberts Period 6 Cellular Respiration Aerobic cellular respiration is a process in which our cells get energy in the form of ATP. This process has 3 major steps in order to function properly. These steps are Glycolysis, Citric Acid or Krebs Cycle, and the electric transport state. These steps each have an important role in our cells respiration cycle. The first step in the cycle is called Glycolysis. Glycolysis takes place in the cytosol or cytoplasm of a cell. For…

Lactate passes through blood into the liver where it gets re-oxidized to pyruvate via the reversible enzymatic activity of lactate dehydrogenase. Gluconeogenesis stimulated by glucagon then allows for pyruvate to be converted to glucose, which subsequently gets transported back to the muscle for glycolysis or glycogen synthesis depending on its energy need. An important aspect of the cycle is that the compartmentalization of glycolysis to muscle and gluconeogenesis to liver allows for the two…

molecules of water. Three ester linkages are formed as a result. The three fatty acids make the compound useful as a source of energy, as the tails are broken down, they release energy. Triacylglycerol is the main constituent of vegetable oil and animal fats. Aerobic respiration comprises metabolic processes that occur in organism cells and involves Oxygen to convert the energy from nutrients into ATP Glucose and Oxygen taken to the cells produce CO2, Water, and ATP by going through…

adenine dinucleotide (NADH), reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and hydrogen ions. The citric acid cycle links glycolysis which produces pyruvate from glucose and oxidative phosphorylation which generates ATP which is used as energy for metabolic processes. The citric acid cycle is catabolic and anabolic. Fuel molecules are catabolised (broken down) to generate ATP. Anabolism is where molecules such as amino acids, fatty acids, porphyrins and many…

release ATP. The regulation of Glycolysis is maintained by steps one, three and ten. In step one, hexokinase is inhibited by C6 preventing any further phosphorylation of Glucose. In step three, the allosteric enzyme Phosphofructokinase in which is inhibited by high levels of ATP and citrate, together this makes phosphofructokinase the regulator of ATP production. In step 10, the enzyme Pyruvate kinase is inhibited by high levels of Acetyl CoA and ATP, this is activated by fructose 1…

Glycolysis results in 2 pyruvates and 2 NADH , which are rich in energy and are used later to power ATP. Typically Oxygen is needed for cellular respiration but in glycolysis it is not necessary which makes it an Anaerobic process. In the absence of Oxygen, the pyruvates created through Glycolysis are rerouted through Fermentation. In the absence of Oxygen in order to keep Glycolysis going it will need NAD+, so fermentation frees up an NADH. The Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain are…

succinyl-CoA synthetase, succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase, malate dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase. The Cori Cycle has many parts to it ultimately leading to the breakdown of glucose and the diffusion of lactate with the liver. In the Cori cycle there is the conversion of glucose to lactate through anaerobic glycolysis in muscle cells, the diffusion of lactate from muscle cells into the bloodstream then being transported to the liver. To the conversion of lactate to glucose through…

mitochondria? How does the mitochondria use chemiosmotic gradients? How did the mitochondria evolve? The mitochondria are organelles found within eukaryotic cells, that produce energy for the cell. There are many chemical processes and important molecules involved in the mitochondria. Cellular respiration is the chemical process that makes the energy needed for the cell in the form of ATP. In cellular respiration, glucose and six molecules of oxygen produces six molecules of carbon dioxide and…