Firmicutes

DISCUSSION Unknown #297 was collected from a urine sample from a patient with a kidney infection, named Doris. There have been several tests that were performed at the University of Illinois clinical Laboratory to identify the unknown. Unknown #297 was identified to be Bacillus subtilis with the various tests that were conducted. Most of the results that were observed in the laboratory matched the expected results for the bacterium. All of the morphological characteristics results matched expect in one test. There was a discrepancy in the motility test, where the test was observed to be negative. According to Microbewiki2, the test was supposed to be positive. The discrepancy might have been due to the error within the aseptic technique that was performed. When the tube was inoculated the needle might have been too hot, which might’ve killed the bacteria, to cause it to be non-motile. The starch hydrolysis test was observed to be negative. However, brown stated that the test for Bacillus subtilis should come out positive. When the starch plate was observed, there was a lot of growth, and there was only a small circle that was hydrolyzed in the middle of the plate. Since the test was done within a group of four it was hard to figure out whose microbe the circle was coming from. The error observed might have been due to inoculation error or loop sterilization error. For the multiple test media, the observed results matched the expected results for the Kligler’s iron agar…

Microbiota are microscopic organisms such as viruses, bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes that influence human health through a commensal interaction. Location of microbiota can be internal or external such as the gut, mouth, placenta, skin, and vagina. These microbes are classified into four major phyla: Firmicutes, Bacteriodetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Microorganisms in the Firmicute phylum are typically Gram positive bacteria, either rod-shaped or spherical and function as obligate…

This has been observed through the comparison of several studies performed. Turnbaugh et.al examined ob/ob mice (obese leptin deficient) and conventional mice discovered conventional mice had lower percentages of Firmicutes and approximately 50% higher of Bacteroidetes in their distal gut even when the same polysaccharide-rich diet were fed. It had been noted in another study by turnbaugh et.al that the development of obesity had been associated with an increase of Firmicutes and decrease of…

stereomicroscope, seen in Figure 2.2, the colony’s form appear circular, its elevation is convex, and the margins are even/entire. The colony was put under UV illumination to look for fluorescent. Fluorescents is usually seen in Pseudomans fluroescens and it appears green under UV illumination. When the isolated colony was put under UV illumination, it was not fluorescent and appeared green. This showed that Pseudomans fluroescens was not present in the sample. B. Gram Stain Gram staining is…

Introduction The human body is populated by a large aggregate of microbes on the skin as well as many mucosal surfaces. They are composed of mainly bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. These commensal microorganisms live in the human body in symbiosis. Microbiota play a functional role in the health and disease of an individual. Roughly there are around 1012 bacteria found on the skin, primarily staphylococci and corynebacteria, and 1010 found in the mouth, primarily, streptococci, lactobacilli.1 But…

are two main types of microbiota found in the gut: Bacteroides, and Firmicutes. Both have many important metabolic functions and both play a role in preventing pathogens from infecting cells.[2] The two types are involved on many experiments in attempts to try and understand what affects their growth and presence. We shall discuss these experiments later in the essay. Understanding the human microbiota is important because we cannot live without them and being able to manipulate flora levels…

dysbiosis in the gut. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed significantly greater representation if the firmicute phylum, specifically of mollicutes following consumption of a western diet (Flint, Harry J., 2012). Experiments involving gut microbiota transplants not only confirmed a positive correlation between host adiposity and mollicute counts, but more importantly, found that the relationship may be causal rather than casual (Flint, Harry J., 2012). That being said, it is evident that the…

microflora play in human disease, health and metabolism12. The relationship between the gut microbiota and its host can be mutualistic, such that they protect the host from antagonizing enteropathogenic bacteria through a variety of methods: the gut microbiota activates host innate immunity, they compete with pathogens for space and nutrients when highly abundant and diverse, and they produce antimicrobials to inhibit growth of pathogens25. Moreover, the gut flora plays an important role in…

•Researchers’ question: Do lifestyle and dietary habits change the gut microbiota in obese individuals? •Hypothesis (and possible predictions): Gut microbiota changes along with the body composition in obese individuals during weight loss. The possible prediction is that gut microbiota changes before, during and after losing weight. •Experiment and variables: Obese individuals were subjected to a dietary regimen during 4 months. The experiment consisted in measuring BIA and gut microbiota…

antagonism. In particular, the balance between microbial communities that make up the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract and vagina is essential for human health. There are few physiological and immunological parameters that are not deeply affected by the presence and nature of the normal microbiota of the body, being the host resistance to one of the most prominent factors to infections. Evolutionarily in mammals, the organisms that make up the microbiota are determined by the types of…