External validity

Validity in Research When planning research, scholars must consider many factors. Two such factors are is the measure of the construct valid and will the specific measure of the construct result in reliable data (Trochim & Donnelly, 2008). Take for example a study to determine the effectiveness of a specific Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) medication for children ages 8-14 who are diagnosed with ADD, where the researchers yield consistent results for each participant for each dosage for the…

The news article did not capture some key details of this experimental study which can possibly lower the validity of the study. For instance, it did not report exactly how the participants were distributed into each condition. In other words, the article did not mention that participants were assigned to meditation sessions or nourishment sessions randomly.…

Conclusion Validity 4. External Validity The first type of validity is Internal Validity. “Internal Validity is the approximate truth about inferences regarding cause-effect or causal relationships” (Trochim, 2006). You would not use Internal Validity for an observational study but Internal Validity would be appropriate to assess a social program’s effectiveness. You want to know that your program is successful…

temporary), history of suicide attempt, past psychiatric hospitalization., history of physical or sexual trauma, current medical problems, history of hallucinations, paranoid ideation, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, and arrests (Jenelle Slavin-Mulford, External Validity of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in a Clinical Sample, 2012). The evetns were significant and scored as such because the degree of outcomes, categorized as positive (education, employment, or marriage), psychiatric…

O’Brien and Ellsworth choose this design because it permitted an accurate internal validity by allowing casual inferences. The procedure begins with the experimenter randomly assigning participants to the two levels of the operational independent variable, next (uniformed of the final piece of chocolate) and last (informed of the final…

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is diagnosed when children display persistent age-inappropriate symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Since ADHD is one of the most common (3% to 5%) childhood mental disorder, a lot of controversies debated whether behavioral therapy (BT) or medication alone (MM) would be more efficient as the treatment for ADHD (Arnold et al., 1997, p.865). In 1992, the Collaborative Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (the MTA),…

Measuring validity is important because it determines the impact of research. Validity is defined as “an integrated, evaluative judgment of the degree to which empirical evidence and theoretical rationales support the adequacy and appropriateness of inferences and actions based on test scores or other modes of assessment” (Salkind, 2010, p.1). There are many criteria of rigorous research, for example, internal validity, external validity, objectivity of observer, replicability, and reliability…

Looking at Stansbury and Munro (2013), there is strong construct validity. By using the combination of instructional condition and time of test administration, the researchers are able to show the obvious differences between the experimental, standard treatment, and no treatment control groups. The use of each of these…

The next validity to check would be the external validity. The definition of external validity by Paul C. Cozby and Scott C. Bates (2015), in their book Methods in Behavioral Research would be to see if the study can be generalized and applied to other populations. The study was mostly conducted on Caucasians, however, the studied would still be able to be applied to others since it is dealing with the effects of parenting which can be applied to all (Cozby & Bates 2015). The final validity is…

A panel of experts is needed to review the instrument, and determined the validity and reliability. The group discussion was an example of panel of experts, who determined the content of validity and reliability between the items composing in the instrument. The reliability was conducted before the expert panel review, which for this assignment were my classmates. The panel of experts…