Ethanol fuel

Introduction: A chemical reaction occurs when you mix baking soda and vinegar. The type of reaction that occurs when you mix the two is called a chemical reaction, the chemical property that is used is called reactivity. Some of the evidence that proves that a chemical change is occurring is when you start to hear a sizzle sound and gas starts to be produced. When the gas starts to produce you will see the bubbles start to rise. The two types of matter that are creating this reaction are called…

Ferhan Abdullah Thursday, 09 November 2016 Experiment 7 The Separation of Three Organic Compounds by Acid-Base Reactions and Liquid-Liquid Extractions Abstract: The purpose of the experiment was to isolate the three mixtures 9-fluorenone , benzoic acid and benzocaine by the liquid-liquid extraction method and the acid-base reaction technique. Using the acid-base reaction technique, the acid and base are neutralized, producing salt and water. By using the liquid-liquid extraction method, two…

I. Abstract The experiment was about using a method of recrystallization to reform benzoic acid and unknown compound, and identifying that compound. The main principle is the polarity and solubility of compound. The compound was dissolved completely with distilled water in hot temperature and reformed back in cold environment. After the experiment, there were up to more than 50% of the compound being recrystallized and the unknown compound had the melting point at 165.2oC. The experiment…

5.3 Optimum parameters obtained by Desirability analysis Figure 5.17, shows the optimality graph obtained by MINITAB 17 software for Brake specific fuel consumption, Brake thermal efficiency and Unburnt hydrocarbons of COME blends. The most favoured optimal condition obtained for Brake specific fuel consumption, Brake thermal efficiency and Unburnt hydrocarbons are shown. Optimization is carried out by using Derringer’s Desirability approach of RSM. Equations to calculate desirability are shown…

The concentration of CDCL and CSER is obtained by solving equation (1) and (2) CX = A1 / ax1 ………………..... (1) CY = [A2 – (ax2 × CX)] / ay2…...(2) Where,  A1 and A2are absorbance of mixture at λ1 and λ2respectively.  ax1 and ax2 are absorptivities of DCL at λ1 and λ2, respectively,  ay1 and ay2 are absorptivities of SER at λ1 and λ2, respectively,  CXandCYare concentrations of DCL and SER, respectively. Concentration of DCL and SER in the powder mixture is found by using equation (3) and (4)…

TEE JIN FENG 15SPE072X 27012016 EXPERIMENT 7: Cannizzaro reaction and reaction of benzaldehyde with ethylene glycol Introduction: From the first experiment, the reaction of benzaldehyde and potassium hydroxide will produce two products which are benzyl alcohol and benzoic acid. We are going to look at how to get this two products separated by using their different chemical properties. For the second experiment, benzaldehyde ethylene acetal is formed when the reaction done under acidic…

Results and Discussions Table 1: Phytochemical analysis of turmeric and apple peels extracts Phytochemical analysis Turmeric Extracts apple peel extract Total Phenolic(mg/g)content 93.30 ±0.03 82.52±0.013 Total flavonoid content (mg/g) 43.6±0.3 33.43 ± 0.06 Tannin (mg/100 g) 91.08±0.72 77.40+0.36 Reducing power (μg/ml) 25±1.7 21±5.5 Alkaloid (mg/100 g) 0.76±0.01 13.60+0.51 The Phytochemical composition of turmeric extract and apple peel extract are illustrated in table (1). Both are rich in…

3.2.4.1 Proximate Analysis Proximate analysis is done to determine the moisture content, total ash, crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber and total carbohydrate of each mayonnaise samples with different grape seed extract percentages. 3.2.4.1.1 Moisture Content The moisture contents of mayonnaise samples with different grape seed extract percentages are determined by air oven drying according to the official AOAC method 930.15 (2003) with a slight modification (Babajide & Olatunde, 2010). First…

Chapter 3 Process description and modeling 3.1 Process Description of Propylene Glycol Production Process The physical properties of propylene glycol are colourless and clear syrupy liquid when exists at room temperature. Besides than in liquid form, it also may exists in vapor form in air. In order to produce a colourless and odourless chemical, propylene glycol (C3H8O2, PG) involve in the reaction of propylene oxide and water. This involve the process of the hydrolysis of propylene oxide…

Background Research: Cellular respiration occurs in all living organisms. ATP is a molecule that is made from food. Yeast uses cellular respiration as well. While the process of cellular respiration occurs in yeast, carbon dioxide is produced. Stephanie Lamot of Northeastern Illinois University conducted an experiment on how different types of sugar have an effect on yeast. Her conclusions were that the more yeast added to sugar, the faster the production of CO2 is. Hypothesis: The rate…