Enantiomer

on biological processes. I’m constantly questioning how different processes work at a molecular level; whether it's a simple chemical reaction or the implication of a drug on genes. The thalidomide tragedy revolves around this, because the two enantiomers had such different effects on the body. I found this aspect fascinating and my curiosity has propelled me to undertake further exploration in other topics in order to develop my understanding of a subject. I’ve carried out my own research on…

reaction to adrenaline to work out a drug for asthmatics. A talk that I particularly enjoyed at the scientific society was by the CEO of Omega ingredients, Steve Pearce, about organic flavourings for food. I was fascinated by the way that the two enantiomers of carvone had different smells: spearmint or caraway…

Enantiomeric purity The enantiomeric purity is an important issue to produce pharmaceutical products of acceptable quality. The mobile phase was optimized to discriminate ESO and S-NAP from their chiral impurity (R-isomer). For checking the method ability to separate the chiral impurities from the active isomers of each drug, spiking of the prepared pure S-NAP and ESO isomers with their corresponding racemic mixtures at 1%, 2% and 5% levels of the main peak was done. Method optimization was…

OBJECTIVE: To deliver lornoxicam into systemic circulation by engineering ethosomal gel formulation. RATIONAL OF WORK: Because of their improved pervasion of medication through skin.  lornoxicam is BCS class II medication causes gastric bothering when managed orally  ethosomes are stages for the conveyance of vast and differing gathering of medications.  due to their generally safe profile.  better understanding agreeability can be utilized as a part of the manifestation of gel,…

Green Chemistry and the Diels-Alder Reaction Purpose The purpose of this reaction is to bring about the movement of green chemistry which is a safer, more sustainable chemistry to all levels of chemistry. The use of 12 principles can make in principle a reaction greener with the use of modifications. In this lab, the Diels-Alder reaction will be performed by reacting (E,E)-2,4-hexadien-1-ol with maleic anhydride without the use of a solvent to make the reaction more greener. The reaction will…

A 180-degree flip will cause the rotation to flip from counterclockwise to clockwise or vice versa. When the compound is aligned in a way that it can be rotated clockwise it behaves in a way that mimics a propeller. It can be noted that if the enantiomer of the compound analyzed was what was to be analyzed every chiral center in the compound would display the opposite rotation, causing the compound to behave in a completely contradictory way to what was analyzed in the compound below. It was…

Ascorbate can also sometimes act as a good antioxidant against oxidative stress. [2] but the fact that enantiomer D-ascorbate normally not found in nature) . It has same antioxidant activity to the L-ascorbate, but a less vitamin activity 3] the fact that most of the functions of the L-ascorbate like a vitamin depends not on its properties of antioxidant…

Circular Dichroism (CD) fundamentals. CD is defined as the difference between absorptions of left (Al) and right (Ar) circularly polarized light beams, CD=Al-Ar For each absorption band, the CD of two enantiomers are always exactly opposite. Theory. For each electronic transition one can define an electric (µij≠0) and a magnetic (mij≠0) transition dipole. Both can lead to absorption of radiation, the intensity of which is directly related to the oscillator strength f, fij≈| µij |2+ | mij |2 In…

 Comment: The three bonds (one solid line, one wedged line and one dashed line) that are attached to the + carbon atom are turned inside out. If the starting material has Br on the right side of the + carbon atom, the final product will have OH on the left side of the + carbon atom and vice versa.  Comment: There is only one hump for the energy profile of an SN2 reaction. As we shall see later, there are two humps for the energy profile of an SN1 reaction. One easy way to…

Sirtuins and Histone deactylases (HDACs) Eukaryotic DNA is packed in a high level structure called chromatin, resulting from the assembly of an elementary unit, the nucleosome, and an octameric structure obtained from eight proteins called histones [1]. Histone deacetylation is a reversible process whereby histone and non-histone protein transfer the acetyl moiety from acetyl co-enzyme A (CoA) to lysines while histone acetylation is the direct opposite process whereby acetyl groups are removed…