Elizabeth of Russia

Peter the Great of Imperial Russia launched the Russo-Persian War (1722-1723), capturing many of Iran’s Caucasian territories. In 1724, under the Treaty of Constantinople, the Ottomans and the Russians agreed to divide the newly conquered territories…

Swastika’s and Nazi eagles were often relatively easy to be removed. But in a state of chaos with shortages on every aspect of life, tearing down buildings did not have priority and would have been a waste, especially when they could still be used. Most of the still standing Nazi-structures therefore were reused after the war. The Olympia stadium and Tempelhof Airport in Berlin kept their original function. The enormous Reichsluftwaffeministerium, Europe’s biggest office building, survived the…

Perpetual War "We must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex...Dwight D. Eisenhower" We accept that war used to be fought for outcomes like treasure, resources, territory, and to "save Democracy". Today the war-making itself is the treasure. Ask FedEx, who has a no-bid multi-million dollar contract to fly pallet loads of bottled water from Seattle to Baghdad, or Lockheed-Martin, who constructs incredibly complex…

Offensive: The German offensive started on July 5, 1943. The goal of the offensive was to wreck as much of the Soviet Army as possible. This goal was never met in its entirety. On July 5, the Germans struck on both sides of the salient to begin the biggest battle of the Second World War. From the very beginning of the assault they ran into trouble. Their Ninth Army, after initial success, became entirely bogged down in its attack from the north. In the south the Germans enjoyed greater…

result of Russia expanding into Siberia. By 1642, Russian traders were traveling into the amur region of northern Manchuria and were also demanding tribute from tribes that held an alliance with the Qing dynasty. Lastly, the Russians built a large stockade along the amur river. All of this disturbed china enough to send a siege force against Russia. To settle this, both countries decided to sign a peace agreement. Representatives of both the Russians and Quing dynasty met in Nerchinsk, Russia.…

Solidarity played a critical role in Poland’s ability to have a peaceful transfer of power in 1989, and escort Poland into a new era of a successful democracy. This democracy had its roots in a legacy of nonviolent civil resistance to communism. I. Pre-Solidarity The Soviet forces that liberated Poland from Nazi occupation after World War II instituted a government whereby workers could not organize or represent themselves. During the 1970s, frustration with the one-party system grew and by…

When the German army attacked the Soviet city of Stalingrad during the Second World War, both sides saw the symbolic importance of a city named after the leader of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin. Therefore, whichever side lost the battle would have their morale crushed. To elaborate, if the Soviet Union lost this battle they would lose control over an important region, the Caucasus, and would be crippled farther than they already were; the loss of Stalingrad would also symbolize the loss of…

radicalized because of the Tsar, serfdom, lack of political representation, censorship, and oppression. This, paired with Bolshevik agitation in the factories necessitated change in Russia and, as a result of reactionary legislation, these groups seemed to garner an increasingly greater influence in the political realm. Russia was a country of great flux largely due to its government, for there was no enduring set of values, principles, and laws that unified its rulers, past and present.…

Phobias of inferiority developed due to social Darwinism are what caused the leaders of five major powers, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Serbia, France, and Great Britain, to take a dramatic and unnecessary leap into a Europe-wide altercation. The idea of nationalism and heightened or decreased social stature was enough for these representatives to lose sight of what it meant to see from another’s point of view, as well as what it meant to be loyal in terms of kin and allies. European…

articles about NATO and some links to Russia. One forgery, the Defense Ministry letterhead over Mr. Hultqvist signature, encouraged a major Swedish firm to sell artillery to Ukraine, a move that would be illegal in Sweden.They heavily invested in a program of "weaponized" information. But not all Russian disinformation succeed because Sputnik websites in various Scandinavian languages failed to attract enough readers and were closed after less than a year. Mainly Russia tried to sent false…