Dopamine

Drugs of abuse such as nicotine, cocaine, marijuana, and others affect the brain’s “reward” circuit. This particular circuit is located in the limbic system of the brain. Normally, when dopamine is released, the “reward” circuit creates feelings of pleasure. When drugs take control of this system, large amounts of dopamine are released; this causes the “high” or euphoria linked with drug use. Our brains are designed to ensure we repeat healthy activities by associating specific activities with…

likely to smoke (e.g., Edwards et al., 2011), smoking may also cause depression, via nicotine withdrawal. There are several neurological pathways that depression and nicotine are associated with, such as hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, dopamine, acetylcholine, and serotonin related pathways. Nicotine withdrawal affecting these shared pathways may be one potential cause of depression. Nicotine might be a potential cause of depression since mice can start to exhibit anxiety and…

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a brain disorder that causes a person to lose focus easily, and they are more hyperactive which can interfere with daily tasks. In preschool, the most common type of ADHD symptoms is hyperactivity. It is normally for children at young age to have some type of unfocused behavior but for children with ADHD it is more severe and occurs more often. Children with the symptoms of inattention might overlook details or make thoughtless mistakes on their…

neocortex houses the motor cortex and thus is responsible for motor control, which is the primary impairment in Parkinson’s Disease (Kaas & Stepniewska, 2016 SD). Onset typically follows a significant drop in the presence of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which in this case is generated from a part of the brain called the substantia nigra. The substantia nigra supplies neurotransmitter to the striatum, a region which receives input from the neocortex and contains the neurons, or nerve cells…

Extra Credit Article Assignment The research paper “Inflammation Animal Models for Schizophrenia” conducted by the department of Psychiatry at Ruhr University summarized research on the neurodevelopmental hypothesis for the origins of schizophrenia. The neurodevelopmental hypothesis states that the neurotransmitter imbalances seen in schizophrenia could be caused by a residual effect of maternal immune responses. The researchers would explain that the immune response of the mother would affect…

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder that causes tremors and slowly diminishes movement over time. In the U.S, an estimated one million individuals are affected by the disease, and some 60,000 new cases emerge every, even as its cause is still unknown, a cure doesn’t seem to be on the horizon. Source http://www.pdf.org/about_pd However, more and more studies are emerging that challenges conventional wisdom that tells us that Parkinson’s disease is isolated to the…

a neurotransmitter that is called dopamine and they are asked to be dopamine, dopamine is a neurotransmitter for the brain to send impulses to the motor nerves of the human body so that the body's bodies can work better and is important in all nerve responses that are related to the expression of emotions; Can be administered dopamine in the treatment of various types of shock like the Such as Parkinson's tremor Which is caused by the lack of cerebral dopamine that causes the individual to not…

enough of. The exact part that gets provoked by the drugs is the dopamine pathway (alternatively called the pleasure pathway) in the nucleus accumbens. After the drug reaches the brain, dopamine is released in high amounts and then it enters in tiny gaps that are between the brain neurons. Then when it stimulates the brain with the happy feelings, it gets out of the small gaps. A drug like cocaine, for instance, locks dopamine in-between the neurons, causing it to accumulate and extend the…

with something slightly unconventional. She sang a song…in a choir. What was neat about the article was she described all the science behind doing a group activity and its effect on the brain. In short, it releases endorphins, bathes your brain in dopamine, lowers cortisol, increases serotonin, generates prolactin, and creates the feeling of love with oxytocin. Group activities, especially singing, are fireworks for your brain. The reason why singing and group activities are so great is…

antipsychotic drugs that cause sedation and hypotension but have a great ability to produce extrapyramidal reactions. - Fluanxol depot has alerting , antipsychotic and anxiolytic effects. This antipsychotic effect of neuroleptics is related to their dopamine receptor blocking effects which seems to release a chain reaction such as other influenced transmitter systems.  Metabolism : - Flupenthixol is metabolized by dealkylation , sulfoxidation and conjucation to glucuronic acid. - The…