Dinoflagellate

Dinoflagellates are marine plankton, they are producers and have eukaryotic cells (meaning that the cells have a nucleus). Diatoms are unicellular, they are a type of algae. Cleaner shrimps free other organisms of parasites. Copepod are small crustaceans found…

4. Uptake and bioaccumulation of plastic derived chemicals A key factor contributing to the bioavailability of microplastics is their small size, density, color, surface (smooth or rough) (Stephanie L. Wright a,2013). Food chain disturbance in marine environment is the major problem because due to ingestion of plastic which consists of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), POP and PAH. They absorbs/bioaccumulation in the fatty acid of living organism and cause death of the species. At least 180…

Douglas describes coral bleaching by sating, “Bleaching is not restricted to corals, but displayed by all animals in symbiosis with dinoflagellate algae of the genus Symbiodinium, also known as zooxanthellae because of their yellow–brown color” (Douglas A.E, 2003). Coral communities that have been devastated by coral bleaching are left looking gray and white with very minimal signs of life…

Introduction Phytoplankton require nutrients and light to survive. Certain nutrients are a limiting factor in phytoplankton competition and composition. Some phytoplankton are limited by nitrogen while others may be limited by phosphorus (Quigg, 2016). The experiment in this paper will determine if a body of water is limited by nitrogen or phosphorus by running a resource limitation assay. Nutrient levels in bodies of water may change seasonally in a natural way (Vanni and Temte, 1990).…

Eutrophication is a natural occurrence over the past centuries as bodies of water age and contains sediment (Carpenter 1981). However, due to human activities, the rate of eutrophication has increased and now plays a big role in fish kills. This happens when inordinate amount of fertilizers flow down the rivers and streams and into the sea, which in turn encourages algae and most, if not all, aquatic plants to overgrow. Fishes will then suffocate due to lack of oxygen and sunlight excessively…

The purpose of this experiment was to analyze meso- and microzooplankton feeding. Largely due to size differences, mesozooplankton (>140 μm) are important exporters of carbon and prey for larger organisms, while microzooplankton (100–140 μn) are important recyclers of nutrients, dominant grazers of phytoplankton, and key link in the microbial loop (Conroy et al., 2016; Uitto and Hallfors, 1996). Therefore, understanding this relationship between zooplankton and grazing will allow scientists…

Biogeochemical cycles are the way in which nutrients move through the earths system. It is a pathway for chemical elements to move through biotic and abiotic factors. The ocean contributes largely to these cycles as it acts as a reservoir or sink for the accumulation of nutrients. Even water itself is recycled through precipitation, evaporation and condensation. This is a typical cycle that can be observed for the vital elements of life such as carbon and nitrogen. Microbes are essential to the…

and niches, all adapt for one of two common goals: to eat or to keep from being eaten. Adaptations include camouflage and poison. Producers like Halophila seagrasses, diatoms, cyanobacteria, mangrove trees, zooxanthellae, sea lettuce, caulerpa, dinoflagellates, coccolithophore, and rhodophyta, whether they are green plants or phytoplankton, all adapt to stay in the reef. Adaptations include roots that anchor the organisms into the mud and protective cell walls. Coral is a keystone species of the…

Local Hawaiian island people always have some type of problem yet mostly in Hawaii one of the main problems is beach pollution. Hawaii is always known for their beaches, beautiful, relaxing and a place to get away. Today Hawaii's beaches are starting to get really polluted with trash, plastic, cigarette butts, beer bottles, and all other types of trash. In Hawaii the beaches are really important because not only does it affect the natives, beach pollution affects the hawaiian ocean life as well.…

using Real-Time PCR to amplify the 18S and ITS1 regions of a parasite in order to facilitate the distinction between diseased and non-diseased crabs. The research led to an unlikely conclusion as I discovered that a low amount of Hematodinium dinoflagellate sp., the parasite that causes the disease, was present at a low amount in non-diseased crabs, and that potentially another mechanism had to be involved in the development of the disease beside the presence or absence of parasite. Moving…