Cryogenics

“The machine does not isolate us from the great problems of nature but plunges us more deeply into them.” - Antoine de Saint-Exupery I relate to this thought in my quest to find sustainable technologies because the work of an engineer is to “enable the future” not merely to “foresee” it. As a mechanical engineer and a founder & head for a sustainable technology based start-up I realized the importance of technology enabled sustainability for a healthier…

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND The catalytic converter was invented by Eugene Houdry, a French mechanical engineer and skilled in catalytic oil refining who lived in the United States around 1950. The invention of catalytic converter has a major role in controlling harmful emissions. When the paper of smog in Los Angeles was published, Houdry became anxious about the role of smoke stack and automobile exhaust in air pollution and established a company, Oxy-Catalyst. Houdry primary…

Ridley Scott’s 1982 film Blade Runner is an endlessly fascinating film to dissect. The film while not popular upon it’s initial release has grown a huge following over the years and has captured the minds of filmmakers, students and scholars alike. Even Sir Ridley Scott himself couldn’t stay away from his film as over the last thirty years he has tinkered with and fine tuned his film into what is now known as “The Final Cut”. The 1982 theatrical cut of the film and the subsequent 2007 release of…

1. Introduction Fossil fuels are used to satisfy a very significant fraction of the world energy demands. The use of fossil fuels comes with some adverse effects, prominent among which is the emission of CO2. Carbon dioxide significantly contributes to global warming and, consequently, causes climate change. This has called for international policies like the Kyoto protocol and Copenhagen summit that set limit on greenhouse gases (GHG) emission [1]. Renewable energy sources are carbon neutral…

1.6 TRIBOLOGY The greek word tribo means rubbing (William 1994). It is the science of intermingling of the surfaces which are in sliding and/or rolling motion. In 1996, Tribology was first reported by Jost, England. It has 3 portions. These are A) friction B) Lubrication and C) wear. To understand the tribological behavior, it entails the knowledge of various subjects such as Physics, chemistry, Mathematics, Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer, Material science etc., Tribological problem leads to the…

Fight Club and Lullaby: Qualitative Differences in the Nature of Transgression" It can be stated that a transgression is born from a person’s past, something that we humans are victims of. The past is unforgivable, inevitable and difficult to get away from and though we are the captains of our own ships, there are certain moments in our lives that we can’t escape. It is when the antecedent events press on our comfort zones that transgressions seem to manifest. This is the case with Chuck…

There is an invisible enemy exists nowadays who becomes much stronger in the recent years and ruins people’s health and lives gradually. This powerful invisible killer is called “Air Pollution”. Let’s close our eyes and take a deep breathe. How is the feeling of the air? Is it still fresh and feeling relaxed nowadays, or it turns into something uncomfortable with awful smelling? Most of the people think the quality of the air become stale. As an increase of countries processing industrialization…

2.1. Artificial Insemination (AI) : Development of techniques for successful. .freezing of spermatozoa has progressively evolved over the. . Past 60 years (Kucuk et al., 2014). At the starting of 20th century Ivanov started studying on artificial insemination (AI) of sheep’s, where Ivanov’s .studies on extenders and reproduction resulted in the development and the practical application of AI in farm animals, reviewed by (Bohlooli et al., 2012). AI provides. .many advantages to farmers and…