white. It is a two-person game in which both players (using black and white counters) attempt to create a chain connecting both of their respective sides of the board. This chapter will stray away from the basics of Hex and instead explore a more specific aspect of the game: ladders. Topics to be discussed include general…
New York and Washington was the catalyst that brought about radical changes to traditional and community models of counter terrorism policing both internationally and within Australia. In recent years following these attacks and other similar events such as the London bombing, have brought counter terrorist measures to the forefront of policy decisions within Australia and abroad (Belasco 2010). The United Nations defines terrorism as ‘the act of violence that targets civilians in the pursuit…
has to be planned and prepared to make a precise plan and what the goal is and who is involved. This is where the 4 paradigms were created to address these issues. The paradigms are: War Model, Defense Model, Criminal Justice Model, and the Reconciliatory Model. The War Model In combatting terrorism, the war model focuses greater importance on limiting or countering terrorism rather than protecting liberal democratic rights. Observing terrorism as an act of radical warfare, the response is…
war in Afghanistan is one of the most difficult wars that the United States has encountered compared to previous wars in countries such as Libya and Syria and is yet to become successful. Countries like Afghanistan and Iraq are used by nationalist insurgencies affiliated with the AL Qaeda groups. Strategies devised to counter terrorism in Afghanistan include enhanced policing, informed operations, better intelligence, and counter-radicalization programs among others. Following the 1998 bombings…
A universal definition for terrorism does not exist, instead perceptions of the meaning, which are subjective, culturally and politically situated, and fluid, (Oates, 2008, p.135) are constructed, primarily by Governments, and disseminated to society through its’ mass media. (Jackson, 2005, p. 16-18) Western discourse shifted after the events of 9/11 with this pervasive narrative shaping the contemporary understanding of terrorism, and the acceptance of counter-terrorism measures; that is what…
During the 16th century, there lived a man by the name of Charles Borromeo. Born around 1538, throughout his entire childhood, he began to spread the Kingdom of God. As he got older, he lived a life of humility and had a great love for others. He was very good at writing, which made him the patron saint of learning and the arts. His works to improve the church, led to him becoming a Saint in the year 1610. St. Charles Borromeo was a very devout Catholic who built up the Kingdom of God during…
The planning of and emergency response to a terror attack has always been a great concern. The main focus has always been on those of overt attack. These attacks are those by chemical, biological, or radiological/nuclear weapons. These type of attacks cause an immediate response from police, fire, and Emergency Medical Services personnel CDC Strategic Planning Workgroup, 2000; Forest& Howard, 2013). In any attack it is the state and the local government that will have the responsibility for…
The thrust of this short essay is to analyze “Collection” as the single greatest challenge facing the Intelligence community. The intelligence reform is a complex and broad process that involves more than one challenge. However, enhancing the capability of the intelligence collection to identify threats and terrorist attacks should an indispensable role of the agency to advancing our nation’s struggle against terrorism. Currently, there are various agencies (such as INTs, SIGNIT, GEOINT, and…
Terrorists are able to transfer through one border to another, therefore tracking them becomes extremely difficult. Electronic devices are much more advanced and convenient in size. *Globalization has encouraged the transfer of goods for example, terrorists are able to intervene, confiscate and destroy exchangeable links between countries. *Globalization has also developed weapons and this is benefactor to terrorists who can cause mass destruction in a more effective way. *During the…
Counter-terrorism is a collection of measures used to detect a terrorist plot at an initial stage in order to prevent and combat terrorism. It is, generally, the sole prerogative of the states. With it comes great responsibilities. In order to ensure that states do not exploit this power, there are numerous vital conditions which a threatened state ought to take into account prior to deviating from human rights standards. In particular, the state has to equilibrate and balance the protection of…