Chemical equilibrium

that can affect the boiling/melting points of a solid or liquid are London dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonds, and ionic bonds. The first and weakest of the intermolecular forces that can affect the boiling/melting points of an element or chemical is the London dispersion force. These forces, proposed by Fritz London, were caused by the fluctuations in the distribution of electrons within both atoms and nonpolar molecules which resulted in temporary instantaneous dipoles, thereby…

Fausto B. Mariano L. Daniel E. Diego R. Ms. Gudiño Science 3B 27/OCT/15 Lab Report Osmosis -Research Question: How will uncovering the egg shell by exposing the egg to vinegar will make it possible to understand the osmosis process in action? -Background information Diffusion: It's the net movement of molecules down a concentration gradient. This process allows small molecules like water and carbon dioxide to cross the Plasma Membrane. (Movement of dense areas to less dense areas.)…

Introduction Experiment five was a two-part experiment meant to have us practice our skills and then use those skills in actual data collection and analysis. In part one we used a sample of sodium saccharinate combined with a sample of a metal halide salt, our group used copper(II) chloride. The combination of these two samples allowed for the synthesis of a metal complex. In part two of the experiment we used a procedure similar to part one in order to collect phosphorus out of a sample of…

2.3.1.2 Antioxidant analysis Two methods to measure the antioxidant activity are by determining its ability of hydrogen atom donation to a reactive species and/or check its ability to take off any molecules of oxidative initiation. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level evaluation can be classified into a direct method and indirect method. Indirect method or in vitro method consists of DPPH radical scavenging activity assay, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and oxygen radical…

Protein Purification Practical Report Student Name : Noel Murphy Date : 28 February 2015 UF/DF Practical Question Report Ultrafiltration (UF) and Diafiltration (DF) steps are carried out prior to every chromatography step and post the final polishing chromatography step. These UF and DF steps are vitally important, the UF step concentrates the protein product into a smaller volume of buffer, while the DF step alters the conditions the protein product is sitting in i.e. Buffer exchange.…

Lipases from thermophiles are expected to play a significant role in industrial processes, since they are thermostable and resistant to chemical denaturation. Thermostable lipases are employed in various industries which includes food and diary, fat and oil modification, detergent, cosmetic, pharmaceuticals, organic synthesis, oleo-chemical and biodiesel production. The high potential of lipase application in various industries has resulted in increasing demands for new lipase which is…

Additionally recent studies indicate that this enzyme is highly contributed in the detoxification and protection of the organs or parts of the body that are exposed to carcinogens chemicals. For example, it has been found that this enzyme is highly active in smokers than the non-smokers in order to metabolize the chemicals in lungs however the exact function of this enzyme in lungs is not determined yet. In fact it has been found that CYP4501A1 has this type of protective function in skin and…

Determination of Isoprenaline Hydrochloride Concentration Using Ultra Violet/ Visible Spectroscopy and Quantification of Sodium and Potassium Using Flame Spectroscopy Introduction In UV/VIS (ultraviolet-visible light) spectroscopy, light absorption as a function of various wavelengths gives data about electronic transitions within a solution [1]. The electronic transitions involve exciting an electron from one principle quantum state to another by the absorption of energy [2]. A change in…

Kitty Hach – Darrow was a mother. Chemical entrepreneur marketing trailblazer and pilot. She started college at Iowa state university to become a home economics teacher but was inspired by a chemist in the department who lead many young women into chemical profession. Another influence in to her chemical profession was her soon to be husband Cliff Hach. Water purifying has come a long way since Kitty’s discovery; we now have water filters and plants that filter water for us. Also we have…

The initial observation was the officials sprinkle salt only on roads that are icy . The question was what effect does salt have on the ice? Hypothesis was formulated, salt water will melt ice cube faster than the pure water because salt lowers the freezing point of ice in salt water. The prediction was ice cube melts faster in salt water than pure water. The following was the procedure of this experiment was: fill out 100mL water into each 250mL empty beaker, add 0.5grams of salt to one of the…