Carbon finance

Why Carbon Finance? Carbon finance is a general term referring to resources provided to obtain greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions. Recognizing the impacts and threats of global climate change, governments and other entities have met annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP) of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) since 1995. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in 1997, in which 36 industrialized countries (called the Annex B countries) committed collectively to reduce emissions of six main GHG by an average of 5% against the 1990 levels during the First Commitment Period of 2008 to 2012. Fifteen European Union countries committed to reduce emissions by 8%; the United States committed to a 7% reduction. Some…

Market Trends Major price drivers The fluctuated global carbon price has been driven by a wide range of factors, including political wills, regional and global economy, fossil fuel prices, trading appetite of large corporations, and so on. Even a colder-than-expected winter can be a bullish signal to the carbon market. Historically, two significant price drops occurred as a result of the global financial crisis in 2008 and 2009, and a series of political events at the national and…

- In this question, it was disclosure the roles which was played by management accounting practices to supporting for strategy in Westpac's sustainability. - It has been imagined, resourced, applied and stated by staffs that is in non-accounting. This policy was promoted originally by the PA crew but the sustainability group is owned at the moment. - Purposing of participation with accounting and finances has been restricted to the delivery of info, as needed. Though, educated accountants are…

Business Ethics Equator Principles Initiative – Case Study HBSC History of the Initiative The year 2002 is a critical year for the Equator banks. It is critical in the sense that these banks convened a meeting in London to discuss the impact their activities on project finance were having on environmental and social related issues. There was a growing concern that the project finance industry was not appropriately involved in making the world a better place to live. This claim, which came from…

would have incentives to reduce their emissions, and free riding would not arise” (BARRETT, STAVINS ). The author also criticize the international law as they believe the most important weakness of the Conventions relating to climate change are that little or no research initiatives are predicted in the convention. Additionally, the article blames the management team and call them unskilled as they have been unsuccessful on the enforcement of the conventions. With the beginning of the…

China has been at the top of the international agenda when bringing up the issue of climate change and this is because of the controversial position of the Chinese government on the matter throughout the years. China has ratified the Kyoto Protocol; nevertheless the country was exempt from committing to an emissions target reduction since China was not one of the main contributors to global warming during the period of industrialization that is believed to be the cause of climate change (Feldon,…

the overall goal of reducing global greenhouse gas emissions, it was an effective test of the flexibility mechanisms which the protocol introduced. Mechanisms such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation created incentives for sustainable development. CDM allowed developed nations to invest in sustainable technology in underdeveloped nations. In exchange for this investment, emission credits were given to the investing country. This investment mechanism simultaneously…

Who should bear the burdens? : Three Principles Let us begin with the Polluter Pay Principle (PPP). According to the PPP, those who contributed to climate change should compensate the harm. The application of this principle has the advantage that the cost of the damage is reflected in the cost of the goods, playing the market its role. Along with this, prevention of harm would be mainly carried out by mitigation than adaptation which results lot cheaper (Vanderheiden, 2011). Although this…

There hasn’t yet exactly been an effective collective state response when responding to the issue, there have been numerous treaties and long-term endeavors proposed, however, a lack of progress continues for many countries around the globe, especially for China and the United States. Individuals, businesses and the governments of various nations are forthcoming ways to respond to the issue, however, there have been considerable setbacks and other conflicts down the line. A prime example would…

They are actively seeking the long-term commercial opportunities through sustainable finance, sustainable operations, and sustainable communities. They are not only financial support to the communities and also encourage their employees to volunteer their hours given in work time and also trained them in this aspect. They initiate the environmental and community projects to encourage the shift to a sustainable environment and sustainable community. Moving forward, HSBC will develop the…