Botulism

1. What is life expectancy, what is healthy life expectancy? What exactly then is the difference? According to News Medical, life expectancy is the number of years a person is expected to live based on a statistical average (http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Life-Expectancy.aspx). Healthy life expectancy is a different concept. The World Health Organization defines healthy life expectancy as the number of years one can expect to live in “full health,” free of disease and/or injury…

Covert bio warfare Unit 731 Was the research gathered by unit 731 enough to justify the pardoning of all its scientists? Sources This investigation focuses on the medical and scientific achievements made by unit 731, compared to the horrific actions taken to achieve them, and then compares them to the scientific unit of europe and how they were dealt with, more effectively or not. Upon investigating further into the unit I found some interesting information, first person account from…

Microbiological Control 1. Evaluation of Potentially Hazardous Foods Food is potentially hazardous food if it consists in whole or in part of milk or milk products, eggs, meat, poultry, fish, shellfish, or other ingredients capable of supporting rapid and progressive growth of infectious or toxigenic micro-organisms. Specific recommendations for ensuring the safety of potentially hazardous food are stated along with sanitary practices recommended for the storage, preparation, display, and…

living conditions for pregnant women, infants, and young children, and overall health care (Boyd, 2012 p. 434). During the early 20th century, contaminated food, milk, and water caused many foodborne infections, including typhoid fever, tuberculosis, botulism, and scarlet fever, which lead to many deaths. Community awareness of these infections and how to prevent them dramatically increased ones chances…

incorporate the accompanying:. • Campylobacter jejuni. Misusing of crude poultry and utilization of undercooked poultry are the fundamental driver of C. jejuni pollution • Clostridium botulinum Bacteria creating a poison in nourishment in charge of botulism, the lethal incapacitated nerve ailment • Escherichia coli. A main source of nourishment pollution. In view of a 1999 gauge, 73,000 instances of contamination and 61 passings happen in the United States every year. The E. coli0157:H7…

ambient temperature, has a shelf life of one year, does not require re-heating and has been on sale for one month. Hazard Identification: The bacterium Clostridium botulinum could grow during product distribution and storage. Cl. botulinum causes botulism, a condition where a person, who eats food where Cl. botulinum has grown and produced toxin, can die. Exposure Assessment: The product conditions and shelf life are suitable for Cl. botulinum to grow and produce toxin. There is no re-heating to…

A Closer Look at Spasmodic Dysphonia Approximately 7.5 million Americans suffer from a voice disorder (NIDCD). Voice disorders are speech disorders characterized by irregular pitch, loudness, duration, and vocal quality that are inappropriate for an individual’s age or gender (ASHA-Def of communication disorders and variations). Voice disorders are broken into three categories: functional, organic, or both. Organic voice disorders are broken down even further into structural and…

Seafood is one of the most nutrient-rich food consumed all over the world, providing a prime source of high quality protein, vitamins, and minerals. However, being water-borne, this makes seafood more likely to be contaminated with pathogens, toxins, and chemical pollutants, which poses a high safety risk with their consumption. According to the 2013 Annual Surveillance Report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for Foodborne Disease Outbreaks in the United States, fish and…

I walk down a narrow hallway into the microbiology laboratory on my college campus. I am met outside of the door by the professor. He proceeds to set the guidelines for proper safety in the lab. The number one thing he says and repeats is the concept of asepsis or the absence of microorganisms. After I finally get the okay to walk through the door, ditching my things there as I continue into the lab. Sanitization of your hands and the lab bench are the priority, immediately followed by placing…

The Bioethics of Bioterrorism I. Ethical Question It is universally accepted that bioterrorism, or the use of viruses and bacteria to spread disease and cause panic (“Bioterrorism”), is wrong and inhumane. However there is still a question as to whether or not research into biodefense, or the mechanisms used to battle bioterrorism (“Biodefense”), should be allowed. II. Background As previously stated, bioterrorism is the use of viral and bacterial diseases to infect populations and incite…