Bladder cancer

ureteral obstruction. A stent can bypass intrinsic (e.g. stone, stricture, tumor, blood clot, post surgical edema) or extrinsic (e.g., fibrosis, adenopathy, tumor) causes of ureteral obstruction, re-establishing urinary flow from the kidney to the bladder. There are numerous types and sizes of ureteral stents to choose from. Ureteral stents vary in material, design, size & type of surface coating (Mardis et al,…

Discussion Catabolic pathways break down substrates for use by the cell - pick one of the catabolic pathways and carry out some background research; what are the inputs and outputs of the pathway? Are the inputs coming from other pathways, or are they scavenged by the cell? Are the intermediates used in any other processes? How ubiquitous is this pathway? After my reading this week, I had much better understanding on what really takes place during metabolism (catabolic reaction). Purine…

Urinary incontinence is the lack of ability to control bladder and urinary system functions. This condition can be induced or worsened by stress. Urinary incontinence is more common in women. There are many options for treatment, most of which involve surgery. Some examples of surgical treatment are: tension-free slings, conventional slings, and suspension procedures. There three different types of tension-free slings: retropubic, transobturator, and single incision mini. Patients should take…

Genes – obesity – intestinal surgery: people get kidney stones for a variety of reasons. And while the majority of kidney stones pass without causing serious damage, the associated pain can be excruciating. If you are looking for ways to minimize your risk of kidney stones, it may be time to examine your diet – especially with regard to your sodium intake. Below, a urology specialist from Medical Center Urology in High Point, NC discusses the correlation between kidney stones and a high-sodium…

calcium (most common), uric acid, magnesium ammonium phosphate, or cysteine. The urinary tract begins with the kidneys, which empty urine into the ureters, which then drain urine into the bladder and finally the urethra. Stones can be located anywhere along the urinary system from the kidneys to the bladder. Patients with kidney stones typically develop acute onset of pain that starts in the flank region or back on one side. The pain tends to travels towards the groin and is often described…

side or lower abdomen is associated with stones. Sometimes the pain may descend down the groin area. Nausea and vomiting may also occur. There may be blood in the urine due to the stone moving or growing. As the stone travels downward towards the bladder a burning sensation may occur and the feeling to use the bathroom…

However, there is a minimum threshold and an injury to the lissosphincter below the threshold will result in UI (Gudziak, McGuire, & Gormley, 1996; Koraitim, 2008). During a RP, urologists aim to minimise damage to the lissosphincter by performing a bladder neck sparing dissection of the prostate (Myers,…

switch off, but after report, we decided it would be a better idea to take it on together. Having this one patient by ourselves would have kept us busy the whole day. Our patient had not put out a lot of urine so a bladder scan was done, and showed the patient had 427 mL of fluid in her bladder, and required a catheter. The physician was called to determine if they should do an in-and-out cath or a Foley catheter. In the end, the Foley catheter won because it reduced the risk for infection and…

man. When a bacterium gets into the urine and gets in the bladder also. How the urinary system works The urinary system has three main functions. 1. Excretion and removing waste products and other elements from the blood. 2. Secretion to produce the urine. 3. Elimination to empty the urine from the bladder…

With you feeling the first movement of your baby, pregnancy is bound to become more real than ever before. You might even surprise yourself by frequently putting one hand on your tummy in anticipation of your baby’s movements. Like most moms-to-be, you might already feel connected to your little one, impatiently waiting for her to come into the world. Changes happening to your body in week 19 Even if you have felt the first feeble movements a week or so earlier, it is only in this week that…