Bladder cancer

In case study five, Fred is a healthy 44-year-old male, who after working outside in the heat started to complain of excruciating back, stomach, and groin pain. Further symptoms included diaphoresis, nausea and vomiting along with intermittent relief from the pain. Fred’s wife took him to the hospital in which an abdominal radiograph which revealed a right renal calculus in the ureter (urolithiasis). Renal Calculi formation Renal calculi are the most common form of upper urinary tract…

incontinence is categorized by urine leakage due to weakened pelvic floor muscles and may occur when pressure is placed on the bladder. Causes include, but are not limited to exercise, sneezing, coughing, pregnancy, and prostate surgery. Urge incontinence is classified by an overactive bladder creating a feeling of need to relieve urine with causes related to damaged bladders and nerves. Functional incontinence is a secondary effect of not being able to get to the restroom. Causes are mental or…

ureters, and is stored briefly in the bladder. As the bladder expands and becomes full, urine is released through the urethra. 2. A urinary tract infection, also known as a UTI, occurs when “bacteria gets into the urinary tract and multiplies.” (Kidney foundation) In other words, a UTI is a bacterial infection in the urinary system, which consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Most UTIs occur in the bladder and urethra. A UTI in the bladder is called cystitis, which is caused…

renin, and vitamin D. These hormones help to make red blood cells, regulate blood pressure, and maintain bone health. Bladder-…

Purpose: The kidneys are a very important organ responsible for removing nitrogenous waste in the body. Every day, the kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid. To understand how this amazing organ works, it‘s important to explore and learn about each component. This dissection of kidney is a great opportunity to earn first hand on experience with the kidney and understand it role in the unary system.…

Well, this may be a breather to you, but there are normal conditions that make your dog pee excessively other than having an illness (though we do not rule this reason out). If you notice that your fully housetrained dog starts to urinate frequently in different parts of the house, it is high time for you to check and determine what the problem is all about. Why does my dog pee so much? I have also asked the same questions to myself several times. Why is my dog peeing so much?! It freaked me…

I was born with Bladder Exstrophy, a rare birth defect that occurs in 1 out of 50,000 live births, where the bladder and associated structures are improperly formed. Throughout my childhood I’ve had fourteen surgeries to make my life as “normal” as possible. To manage my condition, it requires different techniques just to empty my bladder and prevent serious infections. For example, I’ve had to visit the nurse’s office every two hours to cath myself, as far back as kindergarten. Since birth,…

The Coronary Arteries The main branches of the aorta are supply routes to the heart muscle itself. There are two fundamental coronary corridors: the left principle (LM) and right coronary veins (RCA). The left primary coronary supply route separates into two fundamental branches: the left foremost diving (LAD), which keeps running down the front of the heart, and the circumflex course (CX) which keeps running behind the heart. Branches of the LAD are called corner to corner conduits and…

urine and are due to a constant build up of substances in the kidney. Depending on the size of the stone, ranging from as small as a grain of salt to as large as a golf ball, the stone may pass out of the body during urination or may get stuck in the bladder or the urethra. When kidney stones get stuck due to their large size, they may block the flow of urine, leading to life threatening complications as well as agonizing pain. Kidney stones form when salts such as calcium phosphate or…

tension of the pelvic floor and urethral spasms. Causes- Bacterial prostatitis is caused by bacteria through the urethra reach the prostate; urethra is tube that carries urine out of the body. The cause may also be an infection that originates in the bladder or the positioning of a contaminated catheter…