Beta-lactamase

resistance to third generation cephalosporins and penicillins and quinocilins is an increasing problem. Among beta-lactams, the fourth generation cephalosporin and carbapenems are the most attractive options. Aminoglycosides retain good activity but usually have to be couples with another agent. Quinolones are highly active against most strains but emerging resistance is a major concern. Beta-Lactams and Extended Spectrum…

humans, however some strains are beneficial. For example, one strain produces vitamin K, an essential nutrient. In this experiment, E. coli was introduced to two plasmids: pUC18 and lux. Plasmid pUC18 contains a gene that codes for the enzyme beta-lactamase which renders ampicillin and some other antibiotics inactive. Plasmid lux found in V. fischeri contains an operon that codes for luciferase, an enzyme that is involved in a light creating reaction. Within this experiment CaCl2 was used to…

Article Review Link: http://www.medsci.org/v13p0749.pdf Title: The title of the article I am reviewing is “Lower Body Mass Index is a Risk Factor for In-Hospital Mortality of Elderly Japanese Patients Treated with Ampicillin /sulbactam” Abstract: Main objective and results of the article review: not specific (Consists of objectives, methods, results, and conclusion) This scientific journal articles delves into the relationship between patients hospitalized with bacterial infections and their…

GFP is the protein located in the pGLO plasmid. Figure 2: pGLO Plasmid The GFP part is what codes for the glowing protein commonly found in many organisms. The bla section codes for the enzyme known as beta-lactamase which breaks down ampicillin making the plasmid anti-bacterial resistant. Ori stands for origin which is where DNA replication takes place. Finally, araC is the regulatory protein that turns on and off the production of the GFP protein in the…

1. Describe 3 targets of antibiotics, why each target is unique to the particular bacteria, and under what circumstance the bacteria could be resistant to that particular drug. (5 pts) As the name implies 50s subunit protein synthesis inhibitors such as erythromycin inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the 23S rRNA molecule of the bacterial ribosome. This ultimately acts to block the exit of the growing peptide chain. It should be noted that gram+ bacteria more…

The growing problem of antibiotic resistance is becoming clear in India, where 58,000 babies have died from infections that could not be cured with antibiotics (Harris, 2014). Adults are susceptible to these antibiotic resistant illnesses as well, 45 year-old singer Uppalapu Shrinivas died after contracting an infection (Harris, 2014). However, babies are at a greater risk because their immune systems are not as strong as an adults (Harris, 2014). One of the infants that died due to a resistant…

Introduction Life could not exist without microorganisms: plants depend on microbes to obtain soil and cows need microorganisms to digest cellulose. Microbes degrade waste and they live in our bodies to keep us healthy. Microorganisms are also used to make vaccines and antibiotics. However, some bacteria are known for causing diseases such as the common cold, AIDS, Herpes, and Chicken Pox. Knowing the identity of microbes is essential for knowing the causative agent of a disease in order to…

The bla gene codes for beta lactamase which promotes antibiotic resistance for drugs classified as being a part of the penicillin family. In the pGLO plasmid there is a unique gene regulation system which controls the transcription of the green fluorescent protein. In order for the…

Patrick Schlievert determined the presence of a rare toxin excreted by the staph strain and although there was a connection to tampon use, the real issue was the staphylococcal poison. This led to determining the set of 2 transposons (TSST-1 and beta-lactamase) linked to the new staph strain. Therefore concluding that possibly the TSS outbreak followed a unique event in which a plasmid that carried both transposon sets was absorbed into a staph bacterium under conditions that were ideal for…

According to Schouten et al (2008), sepsis involves the activation of the coagulation cascade coupled with down-regulation of anticoagulation and fibrinolysis. An intricate link between inflammation and coagulation exists within the body (Neligan, 2006). When a pathogen is present in the bloodstream or when tissue injury occurs, an inflammatory response occurs. The response causes a stimulation of the immune system to produce interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis…