Beta blocker

Effective pain relief is a priority. Monitoring and documenting characteristics of pain and pain score including nonverbal cues, BP and HR changes are important. Nurses should make sure Mr. Peter’s systolic blood pressure (BP) is over 100 before administering glycerly trinitrate (GTN) sublingually, since it reduces oxygen demand and increases oxygen delivery (Berman, Kozier & Erb 2015). 6 rights (mediation, time, route, patient, dosage and documentation) need to be confirmed. The regime of GTN…

physiological methods include drug therapy and biofeedback. Drug therapy helps manage stress by altering the body's response to a stressor and making it easier to deal with. The two most common drugs used in drug therapy are Benzodiazepines and beta-blockers. Benzodiazepines slow down the activity of the central nervous system by enhancing the action of a neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA is the body's natural form of anxiety relief. Benzodiazepines react with GABA sites on…

(Wynn et al., 2016). The mechanism of action of propranolol acts as a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocker. This blocks the response to beta and beta2 –adrenergic stimulation which can decrease heart rate. This can also decrease blood pressure and myocardial oxygen demand. Nonselective beta-blockers reduce portal pressure by splanchnic vasoconstriction. (Wynn et al., 2016). In simpler terms, propranolol reduces the need for oxygen by the heart…

naturally predisposed to Graves’ disease, and outside the most common age bracket by a decade. How are beta-blockers like propranolol helpful as an initial treatment for Graves’ disease? Do they have any effect in reducing thyroid hormone levels, or do the counter the effects of the hormones? Beta blockers do not have any effect in reducing thyroid hormone levels. Rather, beta blockers counter the symptoms of hyperthyroidism and Graves’ disease. They are a class of drugs which block the…

Chronic heart failure is a disorder where the heart weakens and therefore the heart is unable to fill and pump blood as well as a healthy heart. Conditions that overstrain the heart muscle can lead to heart failure (5). The main causation of chronic heart failure is a heart attack which results in damage to the muscle of the left ventricle (8). In addition cardiomyopathy (chronic disease of the heart muscle) may cause heart failure; this may perhaps be initiated by a viral infection…

primary/essential hypertension? The treatment varies with each individual and depends on the severity. First line agents that are typically used are thiazide diuretics, ACE inhibitors/blockers or calcium channel blockers. However, if a person has had an MI or has coronary artery disease with angina, beta blockers are typically used. A lot of time, most people use two or more medications to effectively control hypertension and usually one is a thiazide diuretic. The following lifestyle…

Case of Willy Willy is a 35 year old divorced man, after five years of marriage, with no children. Discharged from the Army after enlisting at the age of 18, Willy served for ten years. During his post in Afghanistan, Willy witnessed his “best, most trusted friend” (0.45 minutes) harm an unarmed girl, who reminded him of his niece, because she wore her cultural headdress; a hijab. He described his memories of Afghanistan as a moment of “war and genocide” (1:05 minutes) with the ponderous…

The force in the arteries when blood pumped by the heart hits the walls of arteries is known as blood pressure . When the heart contracts,the highest pressure in the arteries is known as the systolic pressure . Whereas , the lowest pressure in the arteries in between two heart beats is referred to as diastolic pressure . A normal individual would have a blood pressure of below 120/80 mmHg. High blood pressure or otherwise known as hypertension is a condition when the force in the arteries are…

within 7-10 days of surgery to ensure the patient is appropriately euthyroid. The patients resting heart rate should be no more than 90 beats per minute and should not increase more than 50% with exercise.9 If these criteria are not met, a beta blocker can be added to the medication regimen to minimize the risk of intraoperative or postoperative thyroid storm. If surgery is deemed emergent, large bore iv access and arterial access is warranted. Treatment Treatment of thyroid storm…

Treatment for panic disorder is achieved through either of two approaches: medication or psychotherapy. In addition, both strategies can be used together for the same patient. Psychotherapy is a type cognitive behaviour therapy that helps a patient to change their behaviour. Psychotherapy also treats panic disorder by helping the patient to change their ways of thinking and how they react to stressful situations. This helps to equip the patient with ways of managing his or her anxiety and fear…