Bacterial cell structure

that a cytosine nucleotide is situated beside a guanine nucleotide, which is connected to a phosphate. This is better known as a CpG site, which is methylated by chemicals called DNA methyltransferases. By introducing methyl groups, it makes the structure and the appearance of the DNA change without really adjusting the DNA arrangement. Simmons stated that sometimes in some genes, DNA methylation is mostly used to separate which duplicate of the gene is acquired from the father and which is…

over during meiosis or by mutation. Sexual recombination is the result of getting different copies of chromosomes between the father and mother during meiosis. Crossing over can produce new combinations of genes that will be expressed in the daughter cells. Mutation can produce random variation in a population that can produce a small or big change in a specie's variation. Question 27: One gene, Hox gene, controls the size and position of the spots…

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Genetic screening Anyone could be a carrier of a genetic disorder. What do you think could help them if they are at risk, what do they do? Do they not have children? Are they going to have to worry about their children getting the same disorder that may be in there own DNA? These are some of the questions for thousands of people around the world for people who have disorders. “Genetic Screening is the process of testing DNA to determine a person’s risk of having or passing on a genetic disorder…

Jorunal #2 Molecules and Cells 1. During the first weeks of Bio 001 lectures, we discussed “what it means to be alive”, and then we discussed the concept of “emergent properties” in the origin of functional molecules and cells. What is meant by “emergent properties” in biology? In biology, emergent properties are when parts of an organism interact with one another to perform a specific function. It is important to note that an emergent property is not exhibited by one part alone. Usually,…

Genetic Engineering: Ethical Considerations “Genetic engineering is the process of taking DNA from organisms, plants or animals and manipulating the cells by altering or repairing them to obtain or eliminate the traits desired.” (Judson & Harrison, 2015. Pg. 300). The abilities to change DNA and completely alter natural creation is in the hands of scientists all over the world. When we go to the grocery store and buy food, it could potentially be something that has been altered by…

Alex Rider is a 14 year old boy who works for MI6, Britain's intelligence agency. His most recent mission has brought him to a correctional school for rich children in France, known as Point Blanc. Here, Alex notices that all the students besides his friend James Sprintz act almost exactly the same. Their manners, the way they talk, and even how fast they tap their fingers are almost the exact same. After a strange abduction one night, James himself becomes like the rest of the students. Alex…

Looking at the structure of the UNC13a gene we observed that it is rich in short repeats. Based on this observation we hypothesized the hit detected during GWAS analysis could be due to an expansion of one or more of these repeats. To determine if there is a repeat expansion…

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is true? a. All enzymes are fibrous proteins. b. All enzymes are globular proteins. c. The majority of enzymes are fibrous proteins. d. The majority of enzymes are globular proteins. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: 23.1 - WHAT ARE ENZYMES? 2. In addition to proteins, which type of molecules sometimes function as enzymes? a. carbohydrates c. lipids b. DNA d. RNA ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: 23.1 - WHAT ARE ENZYMES? 3. Which of the following is true of enzymes? a. They shift the…

Cell aging and its mechanism has been a hot research topic. A large number of research results indicated that the aging degree of animals is inversely related to the mitochondrial function. The function of mitochondria is becoming weaker and weaker with the increase of aging degree [1-6]. Mitochondria generate ATP through the process of oxidative phosphorylation, simultaneously reactive oxygen species. Early researchs has proven that oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species is one of…