Aspergillus

dough and finer crumbs are formed. Also the dough gets more machine-friendly and is therefore easier to handle. The characteristics of xylanases also depend on their origin, endoxylanases of Bacillus subtilis have different abilities than ones of Aspergillus niger. They can be used as an alternative to emulsifiers. (Butt, et al., 2008), (Collins, et al.,…

PROJECT PLAN 2 Introduction The main objective of the project is to produce the immunosuppressant drug, Cyclosporine from Tolypocladium Inflatum. Patients who undergo solid organ transplantation require an immunosuppressive drug to prevent rejection by decreasing the body's own natural defense to foreign tissues, and Cyclosporin A is one of the most commonly used immunosuppressive drugs in the organ transplantations. Cyclosporin A is a cyclic nonribosomal peptide, consisting of 11 amino acids…

Bird. Sulphur-crested cockatoo. A.) The sulphur-crested cockatoo is a herbivorous granivore. It is a ground feeder that eats berries, seeds, nuts and roots. As a result of the dangers of ground feeding cockatoos will generally travel in flocks which allows for some birds to keep watch from a nearby tree while the others feed. The cockatoos will feed in the morning while it is cool, as the day becomes warmer they will roost in trees where they will strip the leaves and bark from them, although…

pH and temperature amylase activity from fungal and mammal Introduction The first enzyme that was produced industrially is amylase from a fungal source in 1894, it was used to treat digestive disorder. Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch into sugar and starts the process of chemical digestion in human salvia. Starch breakdown of amylase has received a great deal of attention because of their technological significance and economic benefits, and is also used for the commercial…

Sick building syndrome (SBS) is the adverse, recurring symptoms that occupants experience during their time spent in a building (Khan & Karuppayil, 2012). Notably, SBS affects 19.4% of office workers (Ooi, Goh, Phoon, Foo, & Yap, 1998). Those affected experience short term ailments such as headaches, nausea, fatigue, and coughing that consequently hinder efficiency and increase absenteeism (Joshi, 2008). A common cause of SBS is the presence of bioaerosols, most notably mold, a form of fungal…

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is also known as malignant hepatoma. It is the most common type of liver carcinoma. What Are The Risk Factors? The major risk factors include cirrhosis and underlying liver diseases. Cirrhosis may be caused by alcohol abuse, Hepatitis B/C virus infection, autoimmune liver diseases, chronic liver inflammation, and hemochromatosis. Some of the underlying liver diseases, which commonly manifests into HCC are: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection…

pathway (including shikimic acid import) have all been targeted to effect higher productivities and lower by-product formation. Biotransformation of quinic acid can also be pursued as an alternative microbial route. Certain microorganisms (such as Aspergillus, Achromobacter and Pseudomonas) can use quinic acid as the sole carbon source to produce aromatic amino acids via the shikimic acid pathway. Strains of Escherichia coli specifically engineered for overproducing quinic acid from glucose…

This form of infection is capable of causing significant illness and death in defective immune systems. Defects in neutrophil function and neutropenia can lead to candida, aspergillus and mucoraceae. Altered T-cell mononuclear phagocyte function can lead to C. neoformans, histoplasma and coccidioides. One of the most notorious fungal infections is aspergillosis with a mortality rate of 55-92% (Silva, 2010). It is challenging…

A female Mini Schnauzer named Maggie and found that after a while of having her, she started chewing on her back & legs with some spots on her looking pretty raw. We examined her and knew she didn't have fleas and we started to worry that her hair wouldn't grow back in the raw areas. We decided to take her to the vet to see what was wrong. The vet had the usual answer of the dog has allergies and could either give her shots (expensive) or try a cream/lotion. We decided to go to the pet store…

Pectinase, also known as pectic enzyme, is composed of chemicals such as polygalacturonase (C43H67N15O12S2), pectolyase, and pectozyme (Rodrigues, 2016). It is an enzyme produced by a variety of organisms, such as the Bacillus cereus bacterium and the Aspergillus niger fungus, to deconstruct plant cell walls; more specifically, pectinase chemically binds in lock-and-key fashion to pectin. Pectin (C6H10O7) is a polysaccharide found in these cell walls to hold it together. When pectic enzyme…