Antiretroviral drug

2012) Aside from leading to severe immunodeficiency (AIDS), the HIV-1 lentivirus can also lead to a spectrum of emotional and behavioral disturbances collectively known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). While antiretroviral therapy, such as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), has managed to increase the life expectancy of infected individuals, whether it helps ameliorate the cognitive impairment that some develop is still a matter of debate. (Hammer et al., 1997;…

In today’s world, the topic of HIV/AIDS has taken awareness of not only the people of the American nation, but the government as well. HIV is an infection that only has the ability to infect human beings. This infection is commonly known as the virus that can potentially lead to the disease as AIDS. AIDS is an acquired disease, not inherited in which there is no cure for. AIDS is the final stage of the HIV infection. The government has taken several strides to help improve the outcomes of HIV…

lead to HIV/AIDS related stigma and discrimination include: • HIV/AIDS being a life threatening disease make people react to the disease or the individual in strong ways. • HIV infection is already associated with behaviours such as homosexuality, drug addiction, prostitution that are already stigmatised in many communities, societies and religious beliefs. • Sex being the main reason for HIV infection in most cases which often questions the moral values. • Inaccurate information regarding the…

the lives of many people in the United States. Perceptions of HIV/AIDS have change dramatically over the pass of the years. Contracting the HIV virus meant a death sentence, however with medical improvements and the introduction of more efficient drugs a person with HIV can in a way live a normal life. And because of the advances in medicine people infected with HIV are living longer. Nevertheless, after a person gets infected with the HIV it is very likely for he or she to die of AIDS and AIDS…

Introduction South Africa has the largest number of HIV infections, with approximately 6.4 million people living with HIV ( Shisana O et al., 2014) and 29.5% (National Department of Health, 2014) of this part were pregnant women. Figure 1 (Barron et al., 2013) showed prevalence of HIV infection among pregnant women from 1990 and 2010. From 2002 to 2012, HIV prevalence decreased among children (Avert, 2015). However, there were 9% of newly infected with HIV live in South Africa in 2011 (UNAIDS,…

Mary Fisher’s “A Whisper of AIDS” speech is arguably one of the most important speeches ever given in American history. When discussing the epidemic of AIDS, Fisher gives a voice to the victims who do not have the power to be heard, she makes the audience realize that change needs to be made because not addressing the problem just because it is not your problem, only makes it worse. She changes the mindset of many people as she gets her point across the audience that people with AIDS are human…

HIV/AIDS, although not as prevalent a topic in North America, is a disease that has left the African continent devastated, both economically and socially. Both HIV/AIDS have had and continue to have an immense negative impact on the African population. Theses diseases have caused and are causing poverty, decreasing the size of the economy which is impacting citizens at both a macro and micro level, restructuring the livelihood of African households, and lastly HIV/AIDS are intensifying the…

Stigmas, Social exclusion and Isolation associated with HIV/AIDS: People who are living with HIV/AIDS have to face a tremendous amount of stigma, discrimination and social exclusion and isolation due to their underlying condition. These discriminations and stigmas can manifest themselves at various levels like in the family by the members of the family, in the surrounding society and at work place etc. There have been various studies which have proved that having an HIV positive status leads to…

Infectious Ideas: U.S. Political Responses to the AIDS Crisis. By Jennifer Brier. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009. 289 pp. $39.95) In Infectious Ideas, Jennifer Brier effectively argues that the AIDS epidemic had a deep effect on the American political landscape. Viewing modern history from the perspective of the AIDS crisis, she provides new understandings of the complex political and social trends of the 1980s era. She sets the tone for the book in her first paragraph…

Stigmatization of major illnesses and diseases in today’s society provides barriers for individuals and their overall health and health literacy. Stigmatization leads to many complications with people living with certain disabilities in the workforce and provides limitations with social life. In regards to health care, it is important to study stigmas in order to diminish certain ones that exist in our society. Overcoming stigmas in the health field can help to increase preventative measures and…