Agonist

The indirect-acting cholinergic agonists are the group of drugs that are prescribed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. They work by reversibly blocking acetylcholinesterase at the synaptic cleft. This blocking allows the accumulation of ACh released from the nerve endings and leads to increased and prolonged stimulation of ACh receptor sites at all of the postsynaptic cholinergic sites (Karch, 2013). These indirect-acting cholinergic agonists cross the blood-brain barrier and mostly…

Adiponectin is a cytokine exclusively produced and secreted by adipocytes. In mice, adiponectin decreases hepatic lipogenesis and increases FFA oxidation. In humans, several studies have shown an inverse correlation between adiponectin levels in the blood and hepatic insulin sensitivity as well as fat content in the liver. Adiponectin is a cytokine which acts as an anti-steatotic factor in both muscle and hepatocytes, probably by activating Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma…

health conditions. The most effective medications prescribed to patient are Levodopa, dopa¬mine agonists, COMT inhibitors, and MAO-B inhibitors. Levodopa and dopa¬mine agonists are most common used medications for patients withs Parkinson’s disease. Levodopa is typically combined with carbidopa, together the both convert into dopamine in order to replace the dopamine that has been lost. Dopamine agonists acts a form of dopamine in order to stimulate never cells. COMT inhibitors and MAO-B…

Symptoms of allergy can be treated with H1 antihistamines. The purpose of treatment is to prevent histamine to stimulate the receptors, why they consist of the same core structure as histamine . These H1 antihistamines constitute the second most commonly used class of medications after antibiotics and there are many varieties used in different conditions . H1 antihistamines are classified into six groups: ethanolamines, ethylene diamines, alkylamines, piperazines, piperadines, and phenothiazines…

triceps muscles in the bicep curl movement? What type of contractions are the biceps and triceps performing during a bicep curl? There are two functional classifications for the biceps and triceps muscles, which are the following: agonists and antagonists. The agonist generates the most powerful force in the biceps, in comparison to the triceps. The Triceps focuses on protecting the muscles from hyperextending the arm, by using the classification of the antagonist. The bicep contraction would…

or switching any implicated medications such antipsychotics (eg, haloperidol) or antiemetics (eg, metoclopramide). Patients with pituitary adenomas (prolactinomas) typically benefit from initial treatment with dopamine agonists such as Dostinex (cabergoline). Dopamine agonists are effective because they inhibit the release of prolactin from the pituitary gland. Patients who fail to respond to cabergoline may benefit from transsphenoidal surgery to remove the prolactinoma. This is also true in…

Usually, these natural compounds combine with a number of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and transmit physiological responses in the human body. Nicotinic agonist exposure affects the brain and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. This exposure leads to an upregulation of the receptors. However, it is only experienced in a specific group of the receptor subtypes, and cell types and the ability of nicotine drug…

can be made through the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. (Vercellini et al., 2014). Over time, GnRH agonists inhibit ovulation and menstruation by inducing a menopausal state (Vercellini et al., 2014). This induced state suppresses the growth of endometrial tissue (Vercellini et al., 2014). This approach encompasses diagnosis through treatment but does not address the presence of disease; instead, GnRH agonists simply abolish symptoms for the duration of treatment…

pathway of leukotriene mediators, which are released from mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils. These medications include leukotiene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) (montelukast and zafirlukast) and a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor (zileuton). 5-Long acting B agonists (LABAs) (salmeterol and formoterol) are inhaled bronchodilators that have duration of bronchodilation of at least 12 hours after a single dose. LABAs are used in combination with ICSs for long-term control and prevention of symptoms in…

Climate change endangers all sectors of our society. Human health will be impacted directly and indirectly due to the environmental changes that will occur with climate change. Ozone depletion occurs when manufactured chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons reach the stratosphere; the UV radiation from the sun causes the release of chlorine atoms that react with the ozone. This chemical cycle causes ozone destruction that depletes the ozone layer. Ultimately, the chain reaction will affect the…