Adrenergic receptor

allergies. Singulair is administered in the form of a tablet of various doses, which are taken orally. Singular prevents the constrictions of airways when an antigen is presented by binding to cysteinyl leukotriene receptors found in the airways. The binding of Singulair to these receptor sites inhibits edema of the airways, alteration in the inflammatory process and contraction of the smooth muscle (Drugs.com, 2017). Adverse reactions of Singulair include a headache, upset stomach, nausea,…

and bronchodilating activities. By stimulating vascular alpha-adrenergic receptors, epinephrine causes vasoconstriction, thereby increasing vascular resistance and blood pressure. When administered in the conjunctiva, this agent binds to alpha-adrenergic receptors in the iris sphincter muscle, resulting in vasoconstriction, a decrease in the production of aqueous humor, and a lowering of intraocular pressure. Through its beta1 receptor-stimulating actions, epinephrine increases the force and…

Likewise, the administration of a NE precursor, and noradrenergic receptor antagonists and agonists will achieve the same effect. Restored noradrenergic function will facilitate functional improvements in the DA system. Therefore, results from the current study will likely provide new insights into the correlation between…

Chronic cardiac failure can be defined as ‘a clinical syndrome that develops in response to a cardiac injury or insult that causes decline in the pumping capacity (contractile function) of the heart’ (Lymperopolous et al. 2013). Betty has been experiencing chest pain, a decreased appetite and shortness of breath indicated by her oxygen saturation levels and increased respiratory rate. Additionally, she has bilateral peripheral pitting oedema and has had a cough. These are all signs and symptoms…

The problems that were identified in Mr. Elliot were his runny nose, cough, head, and chest congestion, frequent nose bleeds and multiple bruises to his arms and legs. He also had an elevated blood pressure of 180/90, chronic atrial fibrillation, elevated INR of 4.8, and elevated digoxin level 3.8. Mr. Elliot has chronic atrial fibrillation and is being treated with Warfarin. Warfarin is a Vitamin K antagonist, a blood thinner that is used to treat and reduce the chance of blood clots forming,…

Pharmacodynamics Pharmacodynamics refers to the mechanisms of drug action. Loratadine is a “non-sedating” tricyclic anti-histamine that possesses competitive, selective, peripheral H1-receptor antagonistic activity. The onset of the anti-histaminic effect occurs 1-2 hours after the administration of the drug and the peak effect occurs between 8-12 hours. Loratadine is known as a long-acting anti-histamine as its anti-histaminic effect can persist for up to 24 hours. Histamine is produced from…

1. A salivary gland is stimulated by its parasympathetic nerve. a) Describe the organization of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a part of the peripheral nervous system that largely acts involuntarily. It consists of nerves in cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, exocrine and endocrine glands. The main visceral activities are temperature regulation, digestion, blood pressure and genitourinary function. The second main division of the…

fight or flight response. According to our textbook (Fox, p. 339), Pheochromocytomas are rare and usually benign tumors treated with alpha and beta adrenergic receptor blockers and adrenalectomy. Normal Physiology: The adrenal glands lie atop the kidneys producing and excreting hormones. The…

INTRODUCTION: Pharmaceutical field is the research and development intensive field. The search for safe and effective drugs continues to be major efforts for all the pharmaceutical industries. There are enormous complexities for discovering and testing new drugs because of the many aspects of safety, efficacy and economics which determines the acceptability of a drug. Nose is one of the delicate organs of the human body, as a result of which nasal drug delivery is challenge for formulator.…

is an inotropic drug used in septic shock as it stimulates myocardial beta-adrenergic receptors thus increasing cardiac output by increasing contractility and heart rate (Dellinger et al., 2013; Enrico et al., 2012). As per the Surviving Sepsis Campaign, vasopressin is indicated as an adjuvant medication for the treatment of catecholamine-resistant septic shock (Dellinger et al., 2013). Vasopressin stimulates V1 receptors in vascular smooth muscle resulting in…