Ztri 4 - Clinical Nutrition_ Test2

Front 1

Greater than or equal to 10% above ideal body weight is considered

Back 1

Overweight

Front 2

Greater than or equal to 20% above ideal body weight is considered?

Back 2

Obese

Front 3

Greater than or equal to 100% of ideal body weight is considered?

Back 3

Morbid obese

Front 4

BMI of 20-25 is

Back 4

Normal

Front 5

BMI above 27.5 is

Back 5

Mild obese

Front 6

BMI of 30-40 is considered

Back 6

moderate obese

Front 7

BMI above 40 is considered

Back 7

Morbid obese

Front 8

Men have and ideal __% or less of body fat t

Back 8

15%

Front 9

Women have an ideal __% or les of body fat

Back 9

22%

Front 10

Treat your ___, not the ___

Back 10

patient; numbers

Front 11

Studies with adoptees showed that they are more likely to develop weight like their ____ parents than their _____ parents

Back 11

Biological; adoptive

Front 12

Adipocytes are most easily added during the ___ trimester of pregnancy for the fetus; the first ___ years post deliver; and during ___

Back 12

third trimester; 1-2 years; puberty

Front 13

Adipocytes can be ___, but never ___

Back 13

added; lost

Front 14

__ _____ theory, the body will tend to return to a certain point; weight loss for more than 2 years will lower this point

Back 14

Set point theory

Front 15

Some believe that people who are morbidly obese have a lesion in the __ __ ___ of the ______

Back 15

ventro medial nucleus; hypothalamus

Front 16

When people who tend to be slender eat a high-fat meal, their LPL levels ____

Back 16

Decrease

Front 17

When people who tend to be heavy eat a high-fat meal, their LPL levels ____

Back 17

increase

Front 18

These are found on vascular walls and they remove fat from the blood and deposit it in adipose cells

Back 18

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)

Front 19

Higher levels of LPL, ____ craving for __

Back 19

Increase; fat

Front 20

Ground beef is __% fat

Back 20

64

Front 21

Extra lean ground beef is about __% fat

Back 21

47%

Front 22

On a calorie restricted diet there should be:
__% carbs
__% protein
__% fat

Back 22

55% carbs
15-20% protein
20-30% fat

Front 23

On a calorie restricted diet:
Women: ___calories
Men: ___ calories

Back 23

Women= 1000-1200
Men= 1200-1500

Front 24

__% of patient lose 10lbs or more; only about _% keep it off for 5 years

Back 24

25%; 2%

Front 25

___ in a low-carb, high-protein diet cause a suppression in appetite

Back 25

Ketosis

Front 26

____ ___ diet usually provides 300-500cals/day; patient drinks 1-1.5L of water/day; damage to kidneys and other organs

Back 26

Liquid protein

Front 27

Novelty diets are bad because (3 things):

Back 27

Insufficient micronutrients
Most don't work very well
most are difficult to stay on for very long

Front 28

People who ate 17meals/day had __% lower cholesterol, __% lower cortisol, __% lower insulin in the blood

Back 28

15; 17; 28
**also decrease LPL, sympathetic stimulation and proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells

Front 29

Calories in one pound of:
Raw veggies= ?
Cooked veggies= ?
Fresh fruit= ?
Pizza= ?

Back 29

100
200
300
1008

Front 30

Exercised can increase metabolism for up to __ hours?

Back 30

72

Front 31

Dr. Michael Colgan thinks workouts should be __-intensity, __-repetititon exercise

Back 31

low-intensity; high-repetition

Front 32

What supplements does Dr. Colgan recommend?

Back 32

Omega 3 fats
L-carnitine
Chromium

Front 33

TOPS stands for?

Back 33

taking pounds off sensibly

Front 34

Approximately ___ new chemicals are introduced each year

Back 34

1000

Front 35

Over ____ xenobiotics are in current use

Back 35

100,000 (foreign to our bodies)

Front 36

In 1989 _______ pounds of chemicals were released into our water and atmosphere

Back 36

5,705,670,380

Front 37

There are about ____ serious pesticide poisoning every year

Back 37

3,000,000

Front 38

From what do endotoxins form?

Back 38

normal metabolism (lactic acid, urea, oxidants)
Pathogenic bacteria

Front 39

Detoxification process itself can produce ___ intermediate metabolites and __ ___

Back 39

toxic; free radicals

Front 40

The liver congest ___, __ soluble toxins intto ____, ____ soluble compounds

Back 40

non-polar, lipid soluble; polar, water soluble

Front 41

Oxidative phase; use of cytochrome P450 enzyme system aids in oxidizing, reducing, or hydrolyzing the toxin into intermediates

Back 41

Phase 1 (creates intermediate compounds and free radicals)

Front 42

T/F: some intermediate compounds are more toxic than the original toxin

Back 42

True

Front 43

Conjugation phase; toxin is made into less toxic, water-soluble substance which can then be safely excreted

Back 43

Phase II

Front 44

Benezene is converted to phenol by what phase?

Back 44

Phase 1

Front 45

Phenol is converted to phenyl sulfate by what phase?

Back 45

Phase 2

Front 46

Liver enzymes indicate what?

Back 46

pathological damage to hepatocytes (SGOT, SGPT)

Front 47

Liver biopsy determines?

Back 47

type of pathology

Front 48

Phase 1 is measured by ___ clearance. What do we measure it in?

Back 48

Caffeine; measured in syliva

Front 49

Caffiene (No-Doz) is cleared primarily by phase __

Back 49

phase 1

Front 50

Phase 2 measures the clearance of ____ and ____. What do we measure it in?

Back 50

aspirin and tylenol; measured in urine

Front 51

Low Phase __ leads to build-up of toxin in the tissues

Back 51

1; need to provide nutrients that support the C-P450 system

Front 52

___ activates the cytocrhome P450 enzyme system

Back 52

protein

Front 53

Fasting may ___ ____ ____ into the blood

Back 53

release more toxins

Front 54

A high refined carb intake may ___ the effectiveness of the C-P450 system

Back 54

decrease

Front 55

____ fats and healthy ____ help maintain the C-P450 systems

Back 55

monounsaturated; polyunsaturated

Front 56

___ are needed to quench the free radicals produced by phase 1 of detox

Back 56

antioxidants

Front 57

What are two Vitamins and one mineral that are important for the C-P450 sytesm

Back 57

Vit C and E; selenium

Front 58

___ provides one of the phase II pathways; serves as an antioxidant

Back 58

Glutathione

Front 59

___ helps repair and preserve the integrity of gut muscles

Back 59

Glutamine

Front 60

Def in these inhibit the C-P450 sytesm

Back 60

Zinc, copper, magnesium and molybdenum

Front 61

___ & ___ provide sulfer for phase II conjugation

Back 61

Methionine and Cysteine

Front 62

___ stimulates the growth of bifidus

Back 62

Fructooligosaccharides

Front 63

__ absorbs toxins and helps clean the intestinal walls

Back 63

Fiber

Front 64

___% of all detoxification takes place in the gut

Back 64

15-20%

Front 65

Phase I support is from?

Back 65

Protein
antioxidants
eliminate refined carbs
mono- and polyunsaturated fats
zinc, copper, magnesium, molybdenum

Front 66

Phase 2 support is from?

Back 66

Glycine, glutamine, cysteine, glutathione, antioxidants
Silymarin (Milk thistle)

Front 67

In infants, cows milk decreases the bioavailability of __

Back 67

iron ~anemia

Front 68

Evidence suggest that a combination of genetic predisposition and consumption of cows milk can lead to ______

Back 68

Type 1 juvenile onset diabetes

Front 69

All diabetic children had antibodies to ____ in their blood

Back 69

cow's milk protein (Bovine Serum albumin (ABBOS)

Front 70

__ antibodies to cows milk are independently associated with increased risk of IDDM

Back 70

IgA

Front 71

___% of monozygotic twins will not get the disease, leading to ____ risk factors

Back 71

50-70%; non-genetic risk factors

Front 72

___ may independently initiate the auttoimmune process by causing the initial damage of the ___-cell

Back 72

Nitrosamines; beta-cell

Front 73

Diabeticis have a ______ molecular marker

Back 73

HLA-DQB1

Front 74

____ is strongly endorsed as the primary source of nutrition during the first year of lilfe for all infants

Back 74

breast-feeding

Front 75

___ has been associated with a high incidence of cataract

Back 75

lactose

Front 76

Consumption of ___ and ___ were constantly positively correlated with pancreatic cancer mortality rates in males

Back 76

milk and cheese

Front 77

___ and ___ may be linked to an individuals inability to propery break down a protein found in milk

Back 77

autism and schizophrenia

Front 78

When not broken down, the milk protein produces ___ that are taken up by areas of the brain which lead to dysfunction

Back 78

exorphins

Front 79

When children with autism were put on a milk-free diet, at least __% no longer had symptoms of autism or schizophrenia

Back 79

80%

Front 80

___-_____-_ was taken up by areas of the brain responsible for vision, hearing and communication in autism

Back 80

Beta-casomorphin-7; this gives us proof that milk proteins are getting into the areas of the brain

Front 81

The more ___-_ is in a man's blood the higher his prostate cancer risk

Back 81

IGF-1

Front 82

IGF-1 is linked to ___ ___ and __ ___

Back 82

prostate cancer in men; and breast cancer in women

Front 83

Cow milk contains __-____ ____-___ growth facts that identical to human IGF-1

Back 83

pre-formed insulin-like

Front 84

Milk has __ mg of calcium/ calorie

Back 84

1.8

Front 85

Spinach has __ mg of calcium/ calorie

Back 85

3.5

Front 86

How much protein does human milk have? How much does cow milk have?

Back 86

Human= 1.1
Cow= 3.3

Front 87

How much casein does human milk have? How much does cow milk have?

Back 87

Human= 40%
Cow= 82%

Front 88

How much whey does human milk have? How much does cow milk have?

Back 88

Human= 60%
Cow= 18%

Front 89

How much calcium does human milk have? How much does cows milk have?

Back 89

Human= 340
Cow= 1250

Front 90

How much phosphorus does human milk have? how much does cow milk have?

Back 90

Human=140
cow= 960

Front 91

Human milk is more ____ pH

Back 91

Alkaline

Front 92

Cows milk is more ___pH

Back 92

Acidic

Front 93

___% of asthmatics were cured by eliminating dairy products

Back 93

50-70%

Front 94

___ ____ destroys plasmalogen? What is it's source?

Back 94

Xanthine oxidase; Bovine Milk Xanthine Oxidase

Front 95

T/F Increased consumption of homogenized milk results in an increase of BMXO antibodies

Back 95

True (Bovine milk xanthine oxidase)

Front 96

Frank Oski found ____ in children who drank cows milk as infants

Back 96

diseased arteries

Front 97

1977 US senate select committee on nutrition did what?

Back 97

Recommended that efforts be made to reduce the intake of milk and other dairy products

Front 98

__ death rate for babies on human milk. ___ death rate for babies on cow's milk

Back 98

human= 1.5/1000
Cows milk= 84.7/1000

Front 99

For non-breast-fed infants, deaths from BI infections were __x's higher than in breast-fed infants

Back 99

40x's

Front 100

How much phosphorus does human milk have? how much does cow milk have?

Back 100

Human=140
cow= 960

Front 101

Human milk is more ____ pH

Back 101

Alkaline

Front 102

Cows milk is more ___pH

Back 102

Acidic

Front 103

___% of asthmatics were cured by eliminating dairy products

Back 103

50-70%

Front 104

___ ____ destroys plasmalogen? What is it's source?

Back 104

Xanthine oxidase; Bovine Milk Xanthine Oxidase

Front 105

T/F Increased consumption of homogenized milk results in an increase of BMXO antibodies

Back 105

True (Bovine milk xanthine oxidase)

Front 106

Frank Oski found ____ in children who drank cows milk as infants

Back 106

diseased arteries

Front 107

1977 US senate select committee on nutrition did what?

Back 107

Recommended that efforts be made to reduce the intake of milk and other dairy products

Front 108

__ death rate for babies on human milk. ___ death rate for babies on cow's milk

Back 108

human= 1.5/1000
Cows milk= 84.7/1000

Front 109

For non-breast-fed infants, deaths from BI infections were __x's higher than in breast-fed infants

Back 109

40x's

Front 110

pH stands for ___, what is it measured by

Back 110

potential of hydrogen; logarithmic scale

Front 111

The blood, CSF, interstitial fluid, intracellular fluid and lymph should be acidic or alkaline?

Back 111

alkaline

Front 112

What should be acidic in the body?

Back 112

stomach

Front 113

How long does it take our kidneys to buffer blood pH/

Back 113

Hours to days

Front 114

How long does it take our lungs to buffer pH

Back 114

Minutes

Front 115

How long does it take the buffer systems to work?

Back 115

seconds

Front 116

A ___ is something that restores the original pH of a solution when an acid or base is added

Back 116

buffer

Front 117

pK= what?

Back 117

ionization constant...its is the point of equilibrium

Front 118

What is the pK of bicarbonate? where does it operate?

Back 118

pK= 6.1
operates outside the cell

Front 119

Bicarbonate requires __ and ____

Back 119

sodium and alkalizing minerals

Front 120

Bicarbonate system is very ___. Blood can handle 300 times more acid than water

Back 120

powerful (first gear)

Front 121

Phosphate buffer's pK is? Where does it work?

Back 121

pK= 6.8
primarily inside the cell

Front 122

The phosphate buffer uses ___

Back 122

potassium

Front 123

The protein buffers' pK is?

Back 123

pK=7.4; many AA's can accept or reject H ions

Front 124

__ is the mineral content of food that survives after we burn it

Back 124

Ash

Front 125

Animal flesh, eggs, dairy products and most cereal grains leave an __ ash

Back 125

acid

Front 126

All vegetables and most fruit leave a __ ash. What are the exceptions?

Back 126

alkaline; exceptions= plums prunes and cranberries

Front 127

What is the alkaline/acid test?

Back 127

eat only acid ash foods for two days, then check pH of the first urine of the third day

Front 128

In the alkaline/acid test we check the __ urine of the __ day

Back 128

1st urine of the 3rd day

Front 129

In the alkaline/acid test= if there is an acidic urine what is the result?

Back 129

Adequate mineral reserves

Front 130

In the alkaline/acid test= if we have an alkaline urine what is the result?

Back 130

Low mineral reserves

Front 131

As your patient progresses they should need __ doses of ___ supplements

Back 131

smaller doses of fewer supplements

Front 132

Ice makes it better if its ____

Back 132

physical

Front 133

Heat makes it better if its ____

Back 133

emotional

Front 134

When we eat too much protein the kidney will dump ___ in to the urine

Back 134

Ammonia...making the urine more alkaline.
**when the patient is actually acidic

Front 135

___ stimulate the sympathetic NS and motor neurons

Back 135

Nociception

Front 136

___ makes anaerobic metabolism and lactic acid build up

Back 136

Hypoxia (from muscle spasm...in nociception)

Front 137

___ leads to decreased ATP & protein synthesis, cortisol release, cell damage, chronic inflammation, swelling of mitochondria

Back 137

Nociception

Front 138

pH as low as __ is

Back 138

5.4

Front 139

__ lowers nociceptor threshold and activates bradykinin

Back 139

Tissue acidity

Front 140

__ promotes inflammation, pain vascular permeability, fibrotic deposition, disc degeneration, leukocytes

Back 140

Bradykinin

Front 141

__ are involved in acute/chronic inflammation, atherosclerosis, auto-immune disorders, neoplastic disease, bone loss

Back 141

cytokines

Front 142

An alkaline diet, omega 3 FA, antioxidants, bioflavonoids, proteolytic enzymes can reduce ___ and ____

Back 142

Bradykinin and cytokines

Front 143

___ deficiency decreases aerobic glycolysis

Back 143

magnesium

Front 144

__ deficiency increased free radical production

Back 144

Magnesium

Front 145

___ deficiency increased platelet aggregation, osteoporosis, and cardiac arrhytmia

Back 145

Magnesium

Front 146

____ ___ increases osteoclasts, release of collagenase, release of lysosomal enzymes, vascular permeability, inflammation

Back 146

Arachidonic acid

Front 147

___ are slow to react with oxygen and other chemicals

Back 147

Saturated fats

Front 148

___ fats are generally solid at room temperature, stick together and deposit w/in cells, organ and arteries

Back 148

Saturated fats

Front 149

Saturated fats __ carbons and longer are used primarily for energy

Back 149

14

Front 150

Saturated fats __ carbons or less are liquid at body temperature such as coconut oil and butryic acid in dairy

Back 150

10

Front 151

___ fats are usually liquid at room temperature

Back 151

Unsaturated fats

Front 152

Unsaturated fats have a __ configuration; with a __ charge

Back 152

cis configuration; negative charge

Front 153

Omega 3 are from what acid?
1)Alpha-linolenic
2)Linolenic
3) arachidonic acid
4)oleic acid

Back 153

Alpha-linolenic acid

Front 154

Flaxseed oil, GLF, Hemp seed and pumpkin seed are examples of _____ acid

Back 154

Alpha-linolenic acid

Front 155

Cold water fish, algae, egg yolk are sources of __ and ___

Back 155

EPA and DHA (omega 3)

Front 156

Omega 6 is NOT made from:
1)linoleic acid
2) gamma linolenic acid
3) Arachidonic acid
4) alpha-linolenic acid

Back 156

Alpha-linolenic acid

Front 157

Corn oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, soybean and walnut are sources of ___ acid

Back 157

Linoleic acid

Front 158

Evening primrose oild, borage seed oil, black currant seed oil, mom's milk are sources of ____

Back 158

Gamma linolenic acid

Front 159

Animal products, peanut oil are sources of ____

Back 159

Arachidonic acid

Front 160

Omega 9 is made from ___ acid

Back 160

Oleic acid

Front 161

Olive oil, rapeseed oil, oil of almond, cashew macadamia pecan and peanut are sources of ___ acid

Back 161

oleic

Front 162

What can block delta-6-desaturase?

Back 162

high cholesterol, sat fats, trans-fat, stress, alcohol, sugar, atopy, infancy, aging, steriods, etc

Front 163

2% milk has __% of fat

Back 163

30%

Front 164

If there are no double bonds it is a ____ fat

Back 164

Saturated

Front 165

If there is one double bond is it a ____ fat

Back 165

monounsatruated fat

Front 166

2% milk has __% of fat

Back 166

30%

Front 167

If there are more than 2 double bonds it is a ___ fat

Back 167

Polyunsaturated fat

Front 168

If there are no double bonds it is a ____ fat

Back 168

Saturated

Front 169

__ degrees is the melting point for saturated fats

Back 169

149

Front 170

How many essential fatty acids are there?

Back 170

2

Front 171

If there is one double bond is it a ____ fat

Back 171

monounsatruated fat

Front 172

What enzyme needs to be function in order for Omega 6 and Omega 3 to work?

Back 172

Delta-6-desaturase

Front 173

If there are more than 2 double bonds it is a ___ fat

Back 173

Polyunsaturated fat

Front 174

Odd number eicosinoids are pro- or anti-inflammatory

Back 174

Anti-inflammatory

Front 175

__ degrees is the melting point for saturated fats

Back 175

149

Front 176

Even number eicosinoidis are pro- or anti-inflammatory?

Back 176

Pro-inflammatory

Front 177

How many essential fatty acids are there?

Back 177

2

Front 178

What enzyme needs to be function in order for Omega 6 and Omega 3 to work?

Back 178

Delta-6-desaturase

Front 179

Omega _ can produce both anti- and pro-inflammatory eicosinoids

Back 179

6

Front 180

Odd number eicosinoids are pro- or anti-inflammatory

Back 180

Anti-inflammatory

Front 181

Even number eicosinoidis are pro- or anti-inflammatory?

Back 181

Pro-inflammatory

Front 182

Omega _ can produce both anti- and pro-inflammatory eicosinoids

Back 182

6

Front 183

Omega _ can only produce anti-inflammatory eicosinoids

Back 183

3

Front 184

Flaxseed has __% of alpha-linolenic acid (omega 3)

Back 184

60%

Front 185

GLV have __% of alpha-linolenic acid (omega 3)

Back 185

50%

Front 186

______ acid is the precursor to all omega 3 FAs

Back 186

Alpha-linolenic acid

Front 187

Magnesium, zinc, Vit B3,6 and Vit C are needed to convert ___ to series 1 eicosanoids

Back 187

GLA (Gamma linoleic acid)

Front 188

_% is the minimum EFA we need in our diet

Back 188

2%

Front 189

What is the optimal EFA % needed for men and women

Back 189

5-10%

Front 190

What can increased thirst or frequent urination cause (2 things)

Back 190

Deficiency in EFA (essential FA) or DM

Front 191

__,___ and __ damage EFA's

Back 191

Heat, light and oxygen

Front 192

EFA's are _____ fats

Back 192

Polyunsaturated fats

Front 193

Should you cook in corn oil, vegetable oil, sunflower oil?

Back 193

NO

Front 194

What % of our intake come from hydrogenated vegetable oil?

Back 194

95%

Front 195

Sears states that __% of our diet should be from fat

Back 195

30%

Front 196

97% fat free ham has __% of total fat

Back 196

30%

Front 197

DHA is very important in infants for the ___

Back 197

CNS

Front 198

T/F DHA should be given to autism pattients

Back 198

FALSE, it exacerbates the symptoms

Front 199

Studies using unaltered coconut oil ___ LDL and _____ HDL

Back 199

Decreases; increases

Front 200

Primary fatty acid in coconut oil is ______

Back 200

Lauric acid-monolaurin

Front 201

What is the largest cause of leaky gut?

Back 201

inflammation

Front 202

What are the consequences of leaky gut?

Back 202

antibodies (RA, MS, SLE)

Front 203

What is solid at room temp and slow to react with oxygen and other chemicals?
A. Unsaturated fats
B. Saturated fats

Back 203

B. Saturated fats--> has a melting point of 149 degrees celcius.

Front 204

Liquid at room temp
Found in a cis configuration
Molecules do not fit together and tend to spread into a thin layer?
A. Unsaturated fats
B. Saturated fats

Back 204

A. Unsaturated fats

Front 205

What test do we use to test for a leaky gut?

Back 205

Mannitol and laculose test

Front 206

T/F Lactulose is absorbed well by a healthy gut?

Back 206

False, it is not well absorbed by the healthy gut

Front 207

In a healthy gut we should see ___ levels of laculose and ___ levels of mannitol; in the URINE

Back 207

low=lactulose
high= mannitol

Front 208

Uses the same brain receptors as cocaine
Side affects are anorexia, decreased growth, visual disturbances, insomnia, depression, irritability, pyschosis

Back 208

Ritalin (Methylphenidate HCl)

Front 209

T/F: Ritalin is addictive

Back 209

TRUE

Front 210

What is a underlying factor of ADD/ADHD?
SX: Agitated upon waking up and before meals, usually feels better after eating
Triggers the adrenaline response

Back 210

Hypoglycemia

Front 211

Study where normal children were given sugar. Their ________ remained normal, but their _______ levels were 10 times higher than normal for up to 5 hours in all of the children.
A. Blood sugar/ Adrenaline (Yale study)
B. Adrenaline/ Blood sugar (Yale study)

Back 211

A. Blood sugar stays the same and adrenaline levels go up 10 times

Front 212

All of the following are management protocol for hypoglycemia except:
A. eat at least every 2 hours
B. Exercise at least 4-5 times a week.
C. Avoid sugar and other refined carbohydrates
D. GTT is usually not needed for diagnosis (Glucose Tolerance test)

Back 212

B. Exercise at least 4-5 times a week.

Front 213

What are 2 other underlying factors for ADD/ADHD?

Back 213

1. Hypoglycemia
2. Allergies
3. Sensitivities

Front 214

T/F: On the elimination diet, it is ok for the pt to have "just a little" of the food they are not supposed to eat..

Back 214

FALSE: they can not have "just a little"

Front 215

T/F: On the elimination diet, it is possible that the symptoms may worsen for 2 to 3 days from withdrawal.

Back 215

TRUE

Front 216

How long does the elimination diet last?

Back 216

7-10 days

Front 217

T/F: Many children with ADD/ADHD are Right Brain Tactile Learners?

Back 217

TRUE

Front 218

What are the symptoms for a person with learning differences?

Back 218

1. Inattentive 2. Clumsy 3. Cant sit still 4. moody 5. always touching things 6. poor balance 7. Creative 8. Above average intelligence 9. inconsistent performance 10. Tired 11. poor reader

Front 219

What are the treatments for a person with learning differences?

Back 219

1. They need to touch something while learning (squeezable ball) 2. Touch them while talking 3. Simon says with rights and lefts 4. Cross crawl 5. Concentration with cards 6. Let them give directions when you drive 7. Sorting by color 8. Dribbling a basketball

Front 220

Thyroid panel including TSH?

Back 220

Hyperthyroid

Front 221

What is the function of the gut?

Back 221

1. Let good things in (Absorption and active transport)
2. Keep bad things out

Front 222

Large undigested molecules called macromolecules pass through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream?

Back 222

Leaky Gut

Front 223

What type immunoglobulin is reduced in leaky gut causing increased susceptibility to infection and infestation?

Back 223

IgA

Front 224

What are the most common cause of leaky gut?

Back 224

NSAIDS

Front 225

What is leaky gut usually associated with?

Back 225

Inflammation

Front 226

How does one diagnose leaky gut?

Back 226

The Lactulose and Mannitol Test

Front 227

T/F: The Lactulose and mannitol test involves Lactulose and mannitol plus glycerol after an overnight fast. Followed by collecting urine for the next 6 hours

Back 227

TRUE

Front 228

What is the disaccharide that is not well abosorbed by the healthy gut?

Back 228

Lactulose

Front 229

What is the monosaccharide that is not metabolized and is normally carried across the gut wall by facilitated transport?

Back 229

Mannitol

Front 230

What type of transport does mannitol use?

Back 230

Facilitated

Front 231

T/F: Low lactose with high mannitol is suspect of a leaky gut

Back 231

False: Low lactose/ high mannitol is a normal healthy gut

Front 232

T/F: High lactose with low mannitol is suspect of a leaky gut?

Back 232

TRUE

Front 233

What do you do when you have leaky gut?

Back 233

The 4R program

Front 234

What are the 4 "R's"?

Back 234

1. Remove
2. Replace
3. Repopulate (Re-inoculate)
4. Repair

Front 235

1.Irritants/ Pathogenic Organisms
2. Hydrochloric acid/Digestive Enzymes/Intrinsic Factor
3. Friendly flora/Acidophilus/ Bifidus
4. Glutamine/Ilcorice/Cabbage/Slippery Elm

A. Repair
B. Replace
C. Remove
D. Repopulate

Back 235

1-C
2-B
3-D
4-A

Front 236

What is the gold standard for assessing HCl?

Back 236

Heidelberg Capsule

Front 237

Immediate, IgE mediated, Anaphylactic, Includes most food allergies.
A. Type 1
B. Type 2
C. Type 3
D. Type 4

Back 237

A. Type 1

Front 238

Cytotoxic to Rh
No food allergy
A. Type 1
B. Type 2
C. Type 3
D. Type 4

Back 238

B. Type 2

Front 239

Antigen/antibody complex
Rxn occurs 6 hrs to several days after exposure
A. Type 1
B. Type 2
C. Type 3
D. Type 4

Back 239

C. Type 3

Front 240

Delayed, Cell mediated, Graft rejections, some food allergies.
A. Type 1
B. Type 2
C. Type 3
D. Type 4

Back 240

D. Type 4

Front 241

What are the first 5 foods in order of their "Guilt"?

Back 241

1. Egg--> 92.8%
2. Pork--> 63.8%
3. Onion--> 52.2%
4. Fowl--> 34.8%
5. Milk--> 24.6%

Front 242

T/F: Avoiding coffee is a way to avoid pain?

Back 242

TRUE

Front 243

What does coffee bind to that releases pain?

Back 243

Opiate receptors

Front 244

What may enhance acupuncture analgesia?

Back 244

D-Phenylalanine

Front 245

What may reverse the tolerance to opiates and appears to raise pain threshold?

Back 245

L-Tryptophan

Front 246

T/F: Inflammation is directly related to the essential fatty acid pathway?

Back 246

TRUE

Front 247

What is the most abundant protein in the body?

Back 247

Collagen

Front 248

What is the primary purpose of collagen?

Back 248

Tensile strength

Front 249

What is the most abundant protein in the blood?

Back 249

Albumin

Front 250

What are the nutrients for repair? (9)

Back 250

1. Glucosamine sulfate
2. D-glucuronic acid
3. alpha-ketoglutarate
4. Amino acids
5. Vitamin C
6. Vit E
7. Zinc/copper/manganese
8. Magnesium
9. Bioflavonoids

Front 251

What stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and motor neurons?

Back 251

Nociception

Front 252

Anaerobic metabolism
Lactic acid build up

Back 252

Hypoxia

Front 253

causes atrophy of muscles, ligaments and bone

Back 253

Hypomobility

Front 254

Promotes inflammation
Increases pain
Increases vascular permeability
Impairs proteoglycan synthesis

Back 254

Bradykinin

Front 255

Acute and chronic inflammation
Atherosclerosis
Auto-immune disorders
Neoplastic disease

Back 255

Cytokines

Front 256

What can be reduced by an alkaline diet, omega 3 FA's, Antioxidants?

Back 256

Bradykinin and cytokines

Front 257

T/F: Even citrus fruits are alkalizing

Back 257

TRUE

Front 258

T/F: Proteolytic enzymes are good supplementation

Back 258

TRUE

Front 259

What parts of the body should be alkaline?

Back 259

1. Blood
2. CSF
3. Interstitial fluid
4. Intracellular fluid
5.Lymph

Front 260

What parts of the body should be acidic?

Back 260

Inside the stomach during digestion

Front 261

What restores the original pH of a soln when an acid or a base is added?

Back 261

Buffer system

Front 262

T/F: Buffer systems take seconds to balance the pH, Lungs take minutes, and kidneys take hours to days.

Back 262

TRUE

Front 263

What buffer operates outside the cell, is very powerful (1st gear), has a pk of 6.1, and requires sodium or other alkalizing minerals?

Back 263

Bicarbonate buffer system

Front 264

What buffer is Primarily inside the cell, uses potassium, has a pk=6.8?

Back 264

Phosphate buffer system

Front 265

What are examples of foods that leave an acid ash?

Back 265

1. Animal flesh
2. Eggs
3. Dairy products
4. Most cereal grains

Front 266

What foods leave an alkaline ash?

Back 266

All veggies and most fruits (except plums, prunes, and cranberries)

Front 267

T/F: Eat only acid ash foods for two days, then check the pH for the first urine of the third day (after at least 5 hrs of sleep)

Back 267

TRUE

Front 268

______urine is adequate mineral reserves. _________ urine is low mineral reserves

Back 268

Acid urine= adequate mineral reserves
Alkaline urine= low mineral reserves