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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Before illness:
IgM/IgG |
IgM=negative
IgG=negative |
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Acutely ill:
IgM/IgG |
IgM=positive
IgG=negative |
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30 days later:
IgM/IgG |
IgM=positive
IgG=positive |
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Tick phylum?
Tick class? Tick order? Tick class? |
Phylum arthropoda
Class arachnida Order acarina Class insecta |
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What are the four stages of an insect's life cycle?
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Larva--Nymph--Adult--Eggs
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Characteristics of the larva?
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6 legs
Blood meal #1 They detect sweat |
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Characteristics of nymph?
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8 legs
Possibly a second meal |
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Characteristics of the adult?
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Blood, sex, death
Life after death via their eggs |
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What are 4 tickborne diseases?
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Virus: CO tick fever
Ehrlichia ,Coxiella; Francisella tularensis; and Babesia mircoti |
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What type of virus is CO tick fever?
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Flavivirus
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What are some characteristics of CO tick fever?
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Low WBCs, low platelets, biphasic fever
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What type of virus are alphaviruses and equine encephalitis?
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Togavirus
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What type of virus are dengue fever, yellow fever, rubella, and tickborne viruses/tickborne encephalitis?
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Flavivirus
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What does Ehrlichia cause?
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
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What are the vectors responsible for Rocky Mountain Spotless Fever?
Are they gram positive or gram negative? |
Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis
Gram negative |
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What are symptoms of Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis?
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Fever, headache, chills, an infrequent rash.
Transminases increases WBCs and platelets decrease Rare leukocyte inclusions--immunofluorescent antibody |
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What are preferred treatments for Erlichiosis and Anaplasmosis?
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Tetracyclines (particularly Doxycycline. They have quinolone resistance.
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Typical pneumonia:
Gram stain? Routine culture? Penicillin? |
Gram stain is seen
Growth on culture Penicillin works |
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Atypical pneumonia:
Gram stain? Routine culture? Penicillin? |
Gram stain is not seen
No growth on culture Penicillin does not work |
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What does Coxiella burnetii cause?
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Q Fever
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What type of pneumonia is Q fever?
How do people usually get it? What is the vector by which it travels? How is it transmitted from person to person? |
Atypical pneumonia
Slaughter house, lambing Ticks Airborne |
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How is Babesiosis similar to malaria?
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Both are protozoan, intracellular, travel via vectors, go through bloodstream, and cause fevers and chills
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How is Babesiosis different from malaria?
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It is mild if it gets to spleen, it is spread by ticks, and Clindamycin and quinine are used to treat Babesiosis?
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Yellow fever:
Reservoir? What countries are affected? Is a vaccine available? |
Humans and monkeys.
In tropical Africa and South America. Yes, there is a vaccine. |
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What are the symptoms of yellow fever?
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They are multiorgan, including the liver and causes jaundice.
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Dengue Fever (A. aegypti):
What is the vector by which it travels? Reservoir? What does it cause? Where is it found? |
Travels by Aedes mosquitos.
Human and monkey reservoirs. Disseminated intravascular coagulation. Found in southern Florida. |
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What type of virus causes Chikungunya fever?
What is the vector by which it travels? |
An alphavirus.
Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus mosquitos. |
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What are the symptoms of Chikungunya fever?
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Fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, myalgia, and joint pain.
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In what three ways is Chikungunya managed?
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1. Serologic diagnosis
2. Symptomatic treatment 3. Prevention based on mosquito spread |
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What are some risk factors of West Nile Virus?
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Flooded basements, time outdoors, tranfusions, transplants, greater than 50 years old, and late summertime.
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For West Nile Virus, what three targets can the mosquito shoot for?
What is the mosquito's reservoir? |
bird, human, and horse
birds |
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What are some stats for West Nile Virus?
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0.1% fatal
1% encephalitis 20% West Nile fever 80% asymptomatic |
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When West Nile Virus includes the anterior horn cells, what disease does it mimic?
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Polio
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After 1 year, what do some patients with West Nile Virus still experience?
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Weakness, confusion, and lightheaded
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What are two ways in which West Nile virus is detected?
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By CSF (cross reacts with yellow fever though)
IgG rich in anti-WNV |
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What type of cell is Leishmania?
How is it spread? |
Protozoa, and travels by phelbotomine sandflies.
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What does Leishmania cause?
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Cutaneous non-healing ulcers that have a volcano appearance.
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What are symptoms of Visceral lesihmaniases (caused by L. donovanii)?
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Fever, weight loss, anemia, leukopenia
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What are the symptoms of Bartonella baciliformis?
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Oroya fever--RBC deformity
Verruga peruana--warts that can become ulcers and bleed. |
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Waht are the symptoms of Bartonella quintana?
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Fever, shin pain, not fatal. Can be caused by lice and poor hygiene.
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What occurs in Scromboid fish posioning?
How long does it take to resolve? |
Histidine to histamine, oral burning, flush, headache, dizziness, cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, urticaria, and bronchospasm.
12 hours--cooking is ineffective. Refigerate instead. |
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What species do these organisms belong in (plus many others):
Tuna, Bonito, Achovies, Salmon, Amberjack, and Swordfish |
Finfish of the species, Scombroidae
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What are symptoms of Ciguatera poisoning?
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cramps, n/v, diarrhea, numbness, paresthesis of the lips, throat, and tongue. Both refigeration and cooking does NOT take away the toxin.
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What causes shellfish poisoning?
What are its symptoms? |
Dinoflagellate toxins that are digested by the shellfish.
paralysis and neurotoxicity |
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What drugs are Mycobacterium marinum resistant to?
What are the pathogen's symptoms? |
No response to staph drugs.
Causes papules, suppurate, and cellulitis. |
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What does Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome/Prospect Hill-like virus/Sin Nombre virus cause?
How does it infect a person? |
Adult respiratory distress.
Deer mice excretion is inhaled. |
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What are characteristics of Lassa Fever?
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It is usually found in W. Africa and can cause fever, GI distress, and death (15%). It requires strict isolation.
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What are symptoms of Lymphocytic choriomeningitis?
How is it transmitted to people? |
Fever, meningoencephalitis, aseptic meningitis.
Children with hamster contact. |
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What are the symptoms of Leptospira interrogans?
How is it transmitted to humans? How is it treated? |
Fever, conjunctival suffusion, jaundice, and renal damage.
Transmitted by contact of water with animal urine. Doxycycline and penicillin |
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What are the symptoms of Francisella tulerima?
How is it treated? |
ulcerating lesion (or several lesions) develops at the site of infection, such as the arm, eye, or mouth. The regional lymph nodes enlarge, suppurate, and drain.
Streptomycin, gentamicin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin. |
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What are some histological features of anthrax?
How is it transmitted to humans? |
black center, gram (+) rods, boxcar shaped with hardy spores.
Animal hides and terrorists--by skin, GI, or inhalation |
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How should anthrax be treated?
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Ciprofloxacin
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What does Bartonella henselae cause?
What are its symptoms? How should it be treated? |
Cat Scratch disease.
Inapparent pustules, persisting regional nodes, and granulomatous lymphandenitis Azithromycin for 5 days |
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In what population is Bartonella (Bacillary angiomatosis) found?
What are its symptoms? |
AIDS patients
Fever, bacteremia, peliosis hepatitis |
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What does Bartonella look like under the microscope?
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Gram-negative rods.
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How is severe acute resp. syndrome diagnosed?
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A temp higher than 100.4, cough, dyspnea, x-ray pneumonia, SARS contact in the past 10 days or travel to a SARS area (Asia and Canada)
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What actions must be taken when SARS is diagnosed?
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Surgical mask, airborne precautions, and contact precautions (gloves, gown, etc.)
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What population is susceptible to Orf virus?
How does it manifest? |
Ranchers, veternarians
A maculopapule on the finger. |
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How is Brucellosis transmitted?
What are its symptoms? |
By cattle.
fever, arthralgis, malaise, and chronic fatigue |
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What causes Rat bite fever?
What are its symptoms? |
Streptobacillus moniliformis, and Spirillium minus animal bites.
Rash and arthritis |
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What causes P. multocida?
How is it treated? |
Dog and cat bites
Treated with amoxicillin-clavulanate. |
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What are symptoms of Rabies?
What is its incubation period? |
Negri bodies under microscope. Acute viral encephalomyelitis and is always fatal.
3-8 weeks. |
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How is Rabies exposure management carried out?
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Soap and water, human rabies Ig, vaccine in the deltoid days 0,3,7,14.
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How is Eikenella corrodens transmitted?
How is it treated? |
Via human bites.
Penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid |
