Zoology Test Two

Front 1

chordates

Back 1

first vertebrate

Front 2

vertebrate chordates

Back 2

animals with bony or cartilaginous endoskeleton

1. site for attachtment of muscle

2. protection of internal organ systems (rib cage)

Front 3

vertebrate chordates

Back 3

have unique type neural creast cells, 4th tissue type

1. cranium, teeth, sensory organs, canial nerves, and medulla of adrenal gland.

2. complex brains divided into three regions- forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain

Front 4

what is missing in the vertebrate chordates?

Back 4

vertebrate

Front 5

five types of vertebrates

Back 5

mammals

birds

reptiles

fish

Amphibians

Front 6

five types of vertebrates

Back 6

craniatal- all

gnathostomata- all jaw

telostomi- jaw with bony skeleton

tetrapoda- jaw with bony skeleton and four legs

aminiota- jaw with bony skeleton and four legs and the aninotic eggs.

Front 7

characteristics of a fish

Back 7

gills rather than lungs for gaseous exchange.

1. some evolved a lung-like structure (lung fish)

Front 8

characteristics of a fish

Back 8

fins and streamlining for locomotion

Front 9

characteristics of a fish

Back 9

simple 2- chambered hearts

Front 10

characteristics of a fish

Back 10

both jawless and jawed condition

Front 11

characteristics of a fish

Back 11

bone, cartilage, bone, cartilage endoskeletons

Front 12

agnathans

Back 12

hagfish and lampreys

1. no jaws or paired fins

2. hagfishs have no vertebre

Front 13

gnathastomata

Back 13

first jawed vertebrates were fishes

1. chondrichthyes- sharks rays chimaras

2. skeletons composed of cartilage

3. electroreceptors

chondrichthyes includes flish with cartliaginous

endoskeletons.

4. actiinopterygii and sarcopterygii are fishes with bony endoskeletons.

Front 14

shark reproduction

Back 14

oviparous: lay eggs.

ovoviparous: eggs retained but nutrition from yolk, live birth.

viviparous: embryos derive nourishment via placental connection to mother, live birth.

other oddities:

trophic eggs- one eats other eggs provisioned by mother

intrauterine cannibalism- first to deplete yolk proceeds to eat siblings

Front 15

Teleostomi(bony vertebrates)

Back 15

96% of all living fishes

swim bladder or lung

operculum covering the gill

specialization the of jaws

Front 16

actinopterygii

Back 16

ray-finned fish (fins supported by bony rays)

chondrosteans- have cartilage bone

teleosts- modern bony fish

Front 17

sarcopterygii

Back 17

fleshy-finned fish (lobed-finned fishes and lung fishes)

Front 18

chondrostean ray-finned fishes (cartilage bone)

Back 18

thick heavy scales for armor

Front 19

telosts

Back 19

lightweight scales for mobilty

homocercal tail for power

fin diversty

fin control of gasses in swim bladder

second set of pharyngeal jaws for chewing, grinding, crushing.

highest vertebrate diversty

Front 20

sarcopterygians

Back 20

lobed fins, lungs(in some forms), and other evidence indicate shared ancestor with tetrapods

Front 21

tetrapods advancements for life on land

Back 21

strong vertebral column and girdles- support against gravity

strong, stout limbs (two pair of limbs= tetrapods)- for crawling and support against gravity.

nostrils and internal lungs- respiration in air while resisting desiccation

Front 22

tetrapods advancements for life on land

Back 22

3 chamber heart- accommodated pulmonary circuit(lungs)

modified sensory systems- air different than water

Front 23

class amphibia

Back 23

the amphibians are the 1st chordates to invade land but many must return to water to reproduce.

Front 24

amphibia characteristics

Back 24

produce gelatinous eggs( not shelled)

must be laid in wet/moist habitats

most have aquatic larval stage stage w/ gills

metamorphosis to terrestrial adult w/ lung

3 chambered heart for pulmonary gas exchange

Front 25

amphibia characteristic

Back 25

thin, naked, vascularized skin (no scales)

must be kept moist

many w/ defensive skin glands

Front 26

amphibian diversity

Back 26

anurans(frogs and toads)

urodels (salamanders and newts)

apodans (caeciliars)

Front 27

amniotic egg

Back 27

maintaining the pond inside

Front 28

adaptations allows amniotes to live a

Back 28

fully terrestrial life

Front 29

what does that include?

Back 29

reptiles, birds, and mammals

Front 30

characteristics of reptiles

Back 30

many lay shelled eggs (first amniotes)

some more modern reptiles give live birth

thickened keratinized skin of overlapping scales

water resistant for living in dry environments

3 chambered heart (crodilians have 4)

Front 31

characteristics of reptiles

Back 31

metanephritic kidney

excrete (waste as uric acid to conserve water)

Front 32

reptile diversity

Back 32

lizard

snake

turtles

corcodilians

tuataras

Front 33

class aves

Back 33

the birds

Front 34

characteristics of birds

Back 34

1.various modifications for flight

hollow bones, feathers

2.respiratory and cirulary system modifield for endothermic metabolism and active lifestyles

complex lungs, 4-chambered heart

3. reproduction

long distance migration common (maternal care of younh

Front 35

characteristics of birds

Back 35

1. foraging

highly variable beak

Front 36

bird diversty

Back 36

raven generalized bill

cardinal seed cracker

american avocet worm burrow probe

anhinga fish spear

eagle meat tearer

pelican dip neat

parrot nut cracker

flamingo mud sifter

Front 37

class mammalia

Back 37

class mammalia

Front 38

characteristics of mammals

Back 38

hair

respiratory and cirulatory system specialized for endothermic metabolism

4 chambered heart, complex lung

Front 39

characteristics of mammals

Back 39

foraging

great variation in dentition (teeth)

reproducuction

extensive materal care, mammary glands

variable reproductive modes

large and complex brain

Front 40

hair and modification

Back 40

spines (porcupine and echidra)

vicrissae (whiskers) for tactile sensation

baleen of whales for filter feeding

Front 41

carbohydrates (sugars)

Back 41

grouped into mono, di, and polysaccharides

important as:

a quick energy source

glucose

storage of energy- glycogen

structural support- chitin of arthropods and cellulose of plants

Front 42

lipids

Back 42

highest energy density of all organic molecule

important as:
long-term energy stores

structural components of cells (membranes)

protective waxes (waxy outer covering incests )

hormones (steriods)

Front 43

protein

Back 43

made of amino acids

20 diff. aa combine in different ways to make perhaps 100,000 different proteins

important as:

energy fuel

enzymes (pepsin,maltase, lipase)

structural proteins: cell membrane contractile proteins (actin and myosin)