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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most diverse vertebrate group?
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Fishes
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Five Major Characteristics of Vertebrates
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Vertebral Column
Head Neural Crest Highly developed internal organs and circulatory system Endoskelton |
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Neural Crest
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A unique group of embryonic cells that form vertebrate structures
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Vertebral Column
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Encloses and protects dorsal nerve chord
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Four Characteristics of Fishes
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Jaws
Paired Appendages Internal Gills Single-Loop Circulation |
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What are the advantages of an endoskeleton?
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Increased Mobility
Increased Size |
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Two Classes of Fishes
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Chondrichthyes: cartilagenous fishes
Osteichytes: bony fishes |
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What did shark teeth develop from?
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Placoid Scales
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Lateral Line
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Sensory organ that detects vibration in the water
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Examples of Chondrichthyes
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Sharks
Rays Skates |
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Four Characteristics of Reproductivity in Chondrichthyes
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Internal Fertilization
Most give live birth Long gestation periods Relatively few offspring |
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Why are Chondrichthyes superior swimmers in comparison to Osteichytes?
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Light and more flexible skelelton
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Two Unique Characteristics to Osteichytes
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Swim Bladder
Operculum |
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Operculum
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Gill Cover
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Swim Bladder
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Gas filled sac found in Osteichytes that allows fish to regulate buoyancy
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Two Main Groups of Osteichytes
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Ray-finned fishes
Lobe-finned fishes |
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What was the first group of vertebrates to walk on land?
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Amphibians
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Give Two Defining Characteristics of Amphibians
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Cutaneous Respiration
Must return to the water to lay eggs |
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Three Orders of Amphibians and examples of each
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Order Anura: frogs and toads
Order Caudata: Salamanders and newts Order Apoda: caecilians |
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How to tell the difference between frogs and toads?
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Toads have short legs, dry skin, and can live in dry environments. Frogs have long legs, wet skin, and most live in or near water.
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Type of fertilization in Order Anura
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External Fertilization
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Caecilians(Apoda)
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Tropical burrowing amphibians that have no legs and undergo internal fertilization.
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Three Defining Characteristics of Class Reptilia
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Amniotic Egg
Dry Skin Thoracic Breathing |
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Amniotic Egg
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A watertight egg in which the embryo is surrounded by different membranes
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The four different membranes found in an Amniotic Egg and their functions
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Chorion: allows entry of oxygen
Amnion: fluid filled cavity for protection and moisture Yolk Sac: provides food Allantois: secretes waste |
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Ectothermic
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Animals that obtain heat from external sources and lack the ability of homeostasis
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Four Orders of Class Reptilia and examples of each
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Order Chelonia: tortoises and turtles
Order Rhynchocephalia: tuataras Order Squamata: lizards and snakes Order Crocodylia: alligators, crocodiles, caimans, gharials |
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What are the differences between turtles and tortoises?
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Tortoises have a dome shaped shell and are terrestrial. Turtles have disc shaped shells and are mostly aquatic.
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Two Characteristics of Rhynchocephalia
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Only found in New Zealand
Parietal Eye |
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How do you tell snakes and lizards apart?
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Lizards have eyelids and snakes do not.
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What two species of lizards are poisonous?
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Gila Monster
Beaded Lizard |
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Which order of reptiles is the most advanced?
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Order Crocodylia
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Two Unique Characteristics to Order Crocodylia
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Four-Chamber Heart
Build nests and care for young |
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Which order of reptiles has paired copulatory organs?
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Order Squamata
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Which group is the most diverse of all terrestrial vertebrates?
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Birds
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What are two distinguishing characteristics of the Class Aves?
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Feathers
Flight Skeleton |
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Two Functions of Feathers
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Provide Lift
Conserve Heat |
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What is the ancestor of birds?
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Archaeopterix
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What are two distinguishing characteristics of Class Mammalia?
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Mammary Glands
Hair |
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Three Functions of Hair
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Insulation
Camouflage Sensory Structure |
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What are the two necessities for being endothermic?
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Diaphragm: more efficient respiration
Four-Chambered Heart: more efficient circulation |
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Placenta
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Specialized organ that brings fetal and maternal blood into close contact
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Two Subclasses of Class Mammalia
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Prototheria
Theria |
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Cloaca
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Where the digestive and reproductive tracts of an organism merge into one rear exit. Found in Prototheria
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What is the difference between Prototheria and Theria?
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Prototheria lay shelled eggs and Theria are viviparous.
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Name the three living Prototheria
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Duck-Billed Platypus
Short and Long Nosed Echidna |
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Two types of Theria
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Marsupials
Placental Mammals |
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Two distinguishing characteristics of Primates
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Grasping fingers and toes
Binocular vision |
