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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions to regulate the metabolic activity of cell.
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Endocrine System
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No ducts to transport secretions. Secrete hormones(chemical messengers) which are transported by blood to target organs.
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Endocrine glands
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Small compared to other organs: all endocrine tissue from 8-9 adults would wigh only
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1 kg or 2.2 lbs
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Steroid hormone or Thyroid Hormone act by this method.
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Nuclear Receptors
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Protein Hormones
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Membrane Bound Receptors
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Nuclear Receptors:
Hormone crosses the ____ Binds to ___ Hormone/receptor complex enter the _____ Activates or inhibits_____ |
Plasma Membrane
Intracellular Receptor Nucleus Transcription- mRNA synthesis |
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Membrane Bound Receptors:
Bind to ______ HOrmones are 1st messengers and activate 2nd messenger system in ___ 2nd Messenger (cAMP) activates a specific ______ which activates or inactivates enzymes |
Cell surface receptor
Cytoplasm Kinase |
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Regulates most hormonal secretions; output of the system TURNS OFF the orginal stimulus; Goal is to prevent sudden and severe chagnes within the body
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Negative Feedback System
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Result of response enhances the original stimulus so that the activity (output) is sped up.
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Positive Feedback System
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Produces inhibiting and releasing hormones that regulate activity; produces ADH and Oxytocin
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Hypothalamus
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___ increase H2O reabsorption by kidney.
______ increase uterine smooth muscle; stimulus milk ejection in nursing mothers |
ADH- antidiuretic hormone
Oxytocin |
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Pituitary Gland: (Hypophysis)
have 3 lobes _______ |
Adenohypophysis: Anterior Lobe, Intermediate Lobe, Neurohypophysis: Posterior Lobe
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Extremely Tall; long arms and legs; in children
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Gigantism(hypersecretion of growth hormone)
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Increase width of bones not length; broad face/hands/feet; overgrowth of soft tissues-deep furrows in face; in adults
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Acromegaly(hypersecretion of GH)
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Extremely short; normal limb length to body thorax length; in children
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Pituitary Dwarfism (hyposecretion of GH)
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Increase BMR; required for normal development of NS
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Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4 or Tetraiodothyronine
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decrease blood
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Calcitonin
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Short stature, profound Mental Retardation
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Cretinism (hyposecretion in children)
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Lethargic, intolerant of cold, dry skin and hair, weight gain, simple goiter(enlarged thyroid)
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Myxedema(form of hypothyroidism and hyposecretion in adults)
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Increase BMR, intolerant of heat, expothalmic goiter, inability to concentrate, weight loss
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Graves' Disease (form of hyperthyroidism and hypersecretion in adults)
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t3 or t4 disorders
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Cretinism, Myxedema, Graves' Disease
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hormone imbedded in thyroid
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parathyroid horomone
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increase blood, Ca+2 removed from bone
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parathyroid hormone
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Hypocalcemia leads to tetany: loss of sensation, muscle twitches, convulsions
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Hypoparathyroidism
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Rare, Osteitis cytica fibrosa (severe) bones have a moth-eaten app and fracture easily
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Hyperparathyroidism
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Regulate Glucose metabolism and inhibits inflammatory and immue response, assist body to resist stressors
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Glucocorticoids (cortisol, cant live without these)
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Increase Na+ absorption, increase H2) reabsorption, increase blood volume and pressure
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Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
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limited secretions here, usually of no consequence in adults
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Adrenal Sex Hormones
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Enhance the response of sympathetic NS
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Epinephrine, NOrpinephrine
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COrtex Adrenal Glands:
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Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids, Aderanl Sex Hormones
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medulla adrenal glands:
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epinephrine, norepinephrine
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increase blood glucose levels, alpha cells
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Glucagon
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Decreases blood glucose levels, beta cells
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Insulin
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