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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The total genetic makeup of a population is the...
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Gene pool.
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The study of the genetic events that occur in a gene pool is...
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Population genetics.
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Population
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A group of individuals of the same species that occupy a given area at the same time and share a common set of genes.
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In a sexually reproductin population, the 4 assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem are...
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1. Population size must be large.
2. Individuals cannot migrate in or out of the population...they're "contained" 3. Mutations must not occur or a mutational equilibrium must exist. 4. Sexual reproduction must be random. |
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When natural selection favors certain phenotypes in a population, the population is responding to...
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Selection pressure.
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_____________ selection may occur when a phenotype at one extreme of a distribution is at a disadvantage.
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Directional
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An excellent example of directional selection is...
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Change in the coloration of the peppered moth during the Industrial Revolution.
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When individuals of an intermediate phenotype are at the relative disadvantage within the population, _________ selection is occurring.
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Disruptive
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A form of natural selection that occurs when both phenotypic extremes are selected against is __________ selection.
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Stabilizing
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An excellent example of stabilizing selection is the external body form of a...
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Horseshoe crab.
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Directional selection
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One phenotypic extreme is selected against and "disappears"
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Disruptive (diversifying) selection
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Produces distinct subpopulations
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Stabilizing Selection
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When both phenotypic extremes are deleterious
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When chance events influence the frequency of alleles within a population, ______________ has occurred.
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Genetic drift
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The unusual gene frequencies of the Dunker population are due to this phenomenon, which is seen frequently when small groups with unrepresentative gene frequencies break off from the larger population.
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Founder effect
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Founder effect and Elephant seals
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-When a few individuals colonize new habitats and develop allele frequencies that are different from the original parent population
-Overhundting of the species dramtically reduced its numbers. Its pop. has increased since but due to the founder effect its genetic diversity is still very low. |
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Mutations of an organism's DNA are...
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Sometimes silent and carried through generations with no ill effects.
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In a human population carrying the gene for sickle-cell anemia, and exposed to malaria, several genotypes persist in a...
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Balanced polymorphism.
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A requirement for speciation is that subpopulations...
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Become reproductively isolated from one another.
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Balanced polymorphism
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Different phenotypes occur at stable frequencies
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Geographic isolation can lead to speciation, and when it does, the speciation is called...
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Allopatric.
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Parapatric speciation is when small groups interbreed among small, local populations called...
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Demes
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Darwin perceived evolutionary change as occurring gradually over millions of years; this has been the traditional interpretation of the pace of evolution and is referred to as...
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Phyletic gradualism
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In the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution, long periods of stasis are characterized by.....
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Stabilizing selection
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In the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution, periods of evolution are:
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short, with rapid change.
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One of the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg theorem is that...
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Mating within the population is random.
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Assuming the conditions set by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of phenotype A is 96%, the frequency of A in the next generation would be...
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96%
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When the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is achieved, evolution...
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Does not occur.
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Genetic drift is most likely to have noticeable effects in:
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Small, isolated population.
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The biological definition of a __________ is a group of populations in which genes are actually, or potentially, exchanged through interbreeding.
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Species.
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