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70 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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A flexible rod-like structure that forms the main support of the body in the embryos of vertebrate animals, later developing into a true backbone. Primitive relatives of the vertebrates, known as lancelets and tunicates, only have a notochord and never develop a backbone. |
Notocord |
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The dorsal nerve cord is one of the embryonic features unique to chordates, along with a notochord, a post-anal tail, an endostyle, and pharyngeal slits. The dorsal nerve cord is a hollow cord dorsal to the notochord. |
Dorsal Hollow Nerve Chord |
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filter-feeding organs found in Invertebrate chordates (lancelets and tunicates) and hemichordates living in aquatic environments
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Pharyngeal Gill Slits |
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an extension of the spinal chord that extends beyond the animal's anus.
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Post anal tail |
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longitudinal ciliated groove on the ventral wall of the pharynx which produces mucus to gather food particles.
prior to thyroid gland |
Endostyle |
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each of the muscle blocks along either side of the spine in vertebrates (especially fish and amphibians).
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Mymomeres |
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Part of heart that pumps blood into ventricles |
Atrium |
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a series of sense organs that detect pressure and vibration. |
Lateral Line |
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An organ used by some creatures like sharks and lampray to smell |
olfactory sac |
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functions as a photoreceptive third eye and an endocrine organ.
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Pineal Organ |
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Respiratory Cavity |
Brancial Pouch |
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special gill slits located just behind the eyes. They supply oxygen directly to the eyes and brain
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Spiracles(of sharks |
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lift the shark as it swims.
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Pectoral Fins |
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paired fins, which occur further down the body, closer to the tail.
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Pelvic Fins |
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stabilize the animal against rolling and to assist in sudden turns.
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Dorsal Fin |
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Where blood enters the shark heart |
Sinus Venosus |
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muscular chamber interposed between the ventricle andventral aorta
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Conus Arteriosus |
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secrete digestive enzymes and increase the surface area in the stomach for nutrient absorption.
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Pyloric Ceca of perch |
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the hard bony flap covering and protecting the gills
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Opercula of perch |
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Toothed bone forming lower Jaw
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Mandible |
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Toothed bone forming upper jaw |
Maxilla |
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cartilaginous processes that project from the branchial arch (gill arch) and are involved with suspension feeding tiny prey.
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Gill rakers |
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a rigid external covering for the body in some invertebrate animals, especially arthropods, providing both support and protection.
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Exoskeleton |
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a tubular excretory organ, numbers of which open into the gut in insects and some other arthropods.
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Malpighian Tubules |
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Used for locomotion, feeling, feeding, etc. |
Jointed Appendages |
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A cavity where blood is contained |
Hemocoel |
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A word for molting |
Ecdysis |
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either of a pair of appendages in front of the mouth in arachnids and some other arthropods, usually modified as pincerlike claws.
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Chelicerae |
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Dividing into two branches |
Biramous |
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the property of being divisible into symmetrical halves on either side of a unique plane.
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Bilateral Symmetry |
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the organism is in five parts around a central axis
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Pentaradial Symmetry |
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small piece of calcified material forming part of the skeleton of an invertebrate animal such as an echinoderm.
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Ossicles |
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an internal skeleton, such as the bony or cartilaginous skeleton of vertebrates.
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Endoskeleton |
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projections of the coelom of Asteroidea that serve in respiration and waste removal.
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Dermal Branchiae |
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a network of water vessels in the body, the tube feet being operated by hydraulic pressure within the vessels.
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Water Vascular System |
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In the embryo the first developed opening is the anus, and then the mouth |
Deuterostomes |
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a perforated plate by which the entry of seawater into the vascular system of an echinoderm is controlled.
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Madreporite |
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The external, protective shell, covering or exoskeleton of certain organisms |
Test |
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large number of small, flexible, hollow appendages protruding through the ambulacra, used either for locomotion or for collecting food and operated by hydraulic pressure within the water-vascular system. |
Tube feet |
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Surface opposite to the mouth |
Aboral Surface |
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a cavity, or the dilated end of a duct bulb shaped that helps with water vascular system
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Ampullae |
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act as a store of fats and glycogen
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Fat Bodies |
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the part of the alimentary canal that connects the throat to the stomach
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Esophagus |
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a large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates, involved in many metabolic processes.
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Liver |
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the small sac-shaped organ beneath the liver, in which bile is stored after secretion by the liver and before release into the intestine.
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Gallbladder |
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a large gland behind the stomach that secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum. Embedded in the pancreas are the islets of Langerhans, which secrete into the blood the hormones insulin and glucagon.
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Pancreas |
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a common cavity at the end of the digestive tract for the release of both excretory and genital products in vertebrates
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Cloaca |
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a four-footed animal, especially a member of a group that includes all vertebrates higher than fishes.
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Tetrapod |
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a group of veins that carry blood from the capillaries of the stomach, intestine, spleen, and pancreas to the sinusoids of the liver.
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Hepatic Portal System |
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a portal venous system found in all living vertebrates except for hagfish, lampreys, and mammals. Its function is to move blood from the renal glomeruli to the peritubular plexus that surround the proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
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Renal Portal System |
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the type of egg produced by reptiles, birds, and prototherian (egg-laying) mammals (amniotes), in which the embryo develops inside an amnion. The shell of the egg is either calcium-based or leathery.
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Amniotic Egg |
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animal that is dependent on external sources of body heat.
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Ectotherms |
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the union of an egg cell with a sperm during sexual reproduction inside the body of a parent
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Internal Fertilization |
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lacks a larval stage.
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Direct Development |
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the hard upper shell of a turtle, crustacean, or arachnid.
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Carapace |
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the part of a tortoise's or turtle's shell forming the underside.
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Plastron |
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consisting of elastic sacs with branching passages into which air is drawn, so that oxygen can pass into the blood and carbon dioxide be removed.
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Lungs |
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the internal organ in which the major part of the digestion of food occurs
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Stomach |
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the cecum, colon, and rectum collectively.
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Large intestine |
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a large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx to the bronchial tubes and conveying air to and from the lungs; the windpipe.
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Trachea |
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dependent on or capable of the internal generation of heat.
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Endothermic |
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body temperature that is relatively constant and independent of the environmental temperature.
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Homeothermic |
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a pouch in a bird's gullet where food is stored or prepared for digestion.
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Crop |
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a muscular, thick-walled part of a bird's stomach for grinding food, typically with grit.
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Gizzard |
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a common cavity at the end of the digestive tract for the release of both excretory and genital products in vertebrates
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Cloaca |
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dependent on or capable of the internal generation of heat.
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Endothermic |
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Gland used for producing Milk
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Mammary Gland |
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an animal which possesses more than a single tooth morphology.
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Heterodont |
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animals walk on their distal and intermediate phalanges.
example: Dogs |
Digitigrade locomotion |
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usually walk with the soles of their feet on the ground
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Plantigrade locomotion |
