Zoology

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Class __________
- phylum chordata
- amphbians
-ectothermic tetrapods
-respiration by lungs, skin, gills
-development through larval stage
-skin moist
-containing mucous glands and lacking scales
-about 5,500 species

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class amphibia

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Class ______________
-reptiles
-ectothermic tetrapods possessing lungs
-embryo develops within shelled egg
-no larval stage
-skin dry
-lacking mucous glands and covered by epidermal scales
-about 8100 species
-a paraphyletic group unless birds are included

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class reptilia

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Class _________
-subphylum urochordata
- known as salps
-barrel-shaped pelagic forms with transparent, gelatinous body
-nearly invisible in sunlit surface waters
-occur in single or colonial chains
-incurrent and excurrent siphons at opposite ends
-water pumped through by muscular contractions and is used for locomotion, respiration, and food that is filtered on mucous surfaces.
-many are provided with luminous organs which give a brilliant light at night

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class Thaliacea

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Class ________
-birds
-endothermic vertebrates with front limbs modified for flight
-body covered with feathers
-scales on feet
-9700 species

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Class aves

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Class _____________
-mammals
-endothermic vertebrates possessing mammary glands
-body more or less covered with hair
-brain large, with neocortex
-3 middle ear bones
-about 4800 species

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class mammalia

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An order of bony fish thought to have been extinct for 65 million years until discovery of one in 1938
- 1 of the 2 lobe finned fishes
-bulky marine fish with a diphycercal (divided along the body axis with equal ventral and dorsal tail size)
-since devonian

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Coelacanth

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muscular vesicle above tube feet in water dwelling vascular system of echinoderms

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ampulla

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The method of reproduction in which eggs are laid and embryos develop outside the mother's body. little or no development occurs within the mother's body.

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oviparous

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The method of reproduction in which young develop from eggs retained within the mother's body but separated from it by the egg membranes. the egg contains considerable yolk which provide nourishment from the developing embryo.

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ovoviviparous

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the method of reproduction in which young are produced at a stage of development in which they are active. The growth of the embryo occurs within the mothers body which nourishes it.

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viviparous

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Thin overlapping dermal scales of some fishes; posterior margins are smooth. Teleost fishes

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cycloid scales

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type of scale found in the skin of cartilaginous fishes, with basal plate of dentin embedded within the skin and a back ward pointing spine tipped with enamel

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placcoid scales

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in some fossils as well as extant bony fishes, applied to the type of scale that hasa rhomboid shape and consists of a superficial layer of dentine and a basal layer of vascular bony tissue non-teleost bony fishes

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ganoid scales

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in bony fish, a type of scale that has many tiny, tooth-like processes in the posterior, or outer, segment

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ctenoid

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in fish, a tail in which the last vertebra adjoins modified bony elements which support the fin rays in such a manner that the tail fin outwardly appears symmetrical. Focuses on muscle contraction of tail for greater speeds

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homocercal tail

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in fish a tail in which the tip of the vertebral column turns upward, extending into the dorsal lobe of the tail fin. the dorsal lobe is often larger than the ventral lobe. present in many fossil fish, in sharks, and more primitive bony fishes

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heterocercal tail

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Sievelike structure that is the intake for the water vascular systems of echinoderms

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madreporite

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name given by some taxonomists to a group comprising the lobe-finned fishes

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sarcopterygii

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Ciliated canals forming part of the water-vascular system, that extend from the stone canal (ring canal) into each arm, passing along the oral side of the ambulacral grooove, and ending in a small, external tentacle

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radial canals

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an organism, such as brackish water shore crab, that maintains its body fluids more concentrated than the surrounding water

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hyperosmotic regulaters

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an organism that maintains their body fluids at a lower concentration then their sea environment

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hypoosmotic regulators

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one of the extraembryonic membranes of an amniotic egg, in which metabolic wastes are stored

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Allantois

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Amniotes having some primitive features such as sckull with no temporal opening are put in the subclass ______

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Anapsida

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Order _________
-class amphibia
-head and trunk fused
-no tail
-no scales
-two pairs of limbs
-large mouth
-lungs
-6 to 10 vertebrae including urostyle
-cosmopolitan
-predominantly tropical
-5283 speces

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Order Anura

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Order _______
-even-toed hoofed mammals: swine, camels, deer and their allies, giraffes, hippopotamuses, antelopes, cattle, sheep, goats
-most have 2 toes although hippo and some others have 4
-each toe is sheathed in a cornified hoof.
many such as cattle deer and sheep have horns or antlers.
-many are ruminants
-most are herbifores
-3 suborders:suina (pigs, peccaries, and hippopotamuses) the Tylopoda (camels) and the ruminantia (deer, giraffes, sheep, cattle) 221 species

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order Artiodactyla

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Order _________
- whales, dolphins, porpoises
-nostrils are represented by a single or double blowhole on top of the head.
-no skin glands except mammary and those of the eye
-divded into tooth whales (dolphins, porpoises, and sperm whales ) and baleen whales (rorquals, right whales, and gray whales.
-baleen plates serves as straining device attached to the palate used to filter plankton

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Order Cetacea

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A characteristic of hemoglobin that causes it to dissociate from oxygen in greater degree at greater concentrations of CO2

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The bohr effect

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maintenance of the internal steady state by means of self regulation

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homeostasis

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a larva derived from the auricularia but differs from it in the development of two ciliated and lateral projections used for locomotion and feeding

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bipinnate larva

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Class _________
-bivalved molluscs that include muscles, clams, oysters, scallops and shipworm. Most are sedentary filter feeders that depend on ocean curents produced by cilia to gather food material

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Class bivalvia

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amniotes of carboniferous and early permian were in the order _____

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order captorhinida

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Order _______
-all except the giant panda have predatory habits and their teeth are especially adapted for tearing flesh
-everywhere except antartics and australia.
-families: canidae (dog) containing dogs, foxes, wolves and coyotes; felidae domestic cats lions cougars tigers

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order carnivora

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Class ________
-worm-like marine organisms. mostly burrowers and orient themeselves vertically. Feed on microorganisms and detritus. Possess and oral shield organ for food selection and intake. Has a radula. One pair of gills. They are dioeceous. Most common with the ancestor of molluscs.

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Class caudofoveata

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Class ________
- phylum mollusca
-exclusively marine
-Related to bivalvia and gastropoda
-bilaterally symmetrical
-exhalation of a current of water through muscular funnel provides them with a form of jet propulsion.
-most are active predators

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class cephalopoda

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Blood flow is opposite to the flow of water across the gills. provides greatest possible extraction of oxygen from water

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countercurrent flow

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Nerves that arise from the neural crest

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cranial nerves

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the organisms that can tolerate a wide range of degrees of salinity

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Euryhaline

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Class ________
-snails and slugs
-body asymmetrical
-body coiled in shell
-head well developed with radula.
-One or two gills
-most with single atrium and single nephridium can be either dioecious or monoecious

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class gastropoda

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pertaining to aquatic organisms thtat have restricted tolerance to changes in environmental salt water concentration

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stenohaline

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A free swimming ciliated marine larva
-characteristic of most molluscs and certain ectoprocts, branchiopods, and marine worms
-an ovoid or pyriform body with pre oral circlet of cilia and sometimes a secondary circlet behind the mouth

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Trochophore