Zoo Lecture Final!

Front 1

epithelial tissue

Back 1

covers and lines organs

Front 2

connective tissue

Back 2

provides support, adhesion, insulation, and attatchment. blood is a connective tissue that transport oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and other substances

Front 3

nervous tissue

Back 3

forms rapid communication networks along cells

Front 4

muscle tissue

Back 4

contracts, powering the movements of life

Front 5

basement membrane

Back 5

a noncellular layer that anchors the basal surface to the tissue

Front 6

squamos

Back 6

flattened (cell shape)

Front 7

cuboidal

Back 7

cube shaped (cell shape)

Front 8

columnar

Back 8

tall thin (cell shape)

Front 9

simple

Back 9

a single layer of cells

Front 10

stratified

Back 10

more than one layer of cells.

Front 11

Tissue

Back 11

Page 591

Front 12

loose connective tissue

Back 12

the "glue" of the body. consists of widely spaced fibroblasts and a few fat cells within a meshwork of collagen and elastin fibers.

Front 13

dense connective tissue

Back 13

consists of more tightly packed tracts of collagen. Forms ligaments and tendons and much of the middle layer of skin.

Front 14

adipose tissue

Back 14

fat cells or adipocytes compose this. insulates, cushions joints, protects organs and stores energy

Front 15

red blood cells

Back 15

aka erythrocytes. transport oxygen and constitute the bulk of the blood cells

Front 16

white blood cells

Back 16

aka leukocytes, protect the body against infection and help clear out the body of worn out or abnormal cells.

Front 17

platelets

Back 17

releaase chemicals the promote blood clotting

Front 18

axon

Back 18

transmits information to another cell

Front 19

dendrites

Back 19

several branches that receive, process, and transmits information quickly

Front 20

schwann cells

Back 20

fatty cell membranes that wrap around axons and form insulating sheaths of the lipid myelin, which speeds nerve impulse conduction

Front 21

Animal tissues and organ systems

Back 21

Page 595

Front 22

skeletal muscle

Back 22

consists of one long cell with several nuclei appears striped or striated. provides voluntary muscle movement.

Front 23

cardiac muscle

Back 23

found only in the heart. straited but the cells have single nuclei

Front 24

smooth muscle

Back 24

not striated and it contraction is voluntary. found in stomach, blood vessels and other such things.

Front 25

cell body

Back 25

the central portion of the neuron. does most of the neurons metabolic work

Front 26

sensory neuron

Back 26

aka afferent. brings information about the internal or external environment towards the central nervous system

Front 27

motor neuron

Back 27

aka efferent. conducts its message outward from the CNS toward muscle or gland cells

Front 28

nerves

Back 28

bundles of axons or dendrites from several cells

Front 29

interneuron

Back 29

connects one neuron to another within the CNS to intergrate information from many sources and coordinate responses.

Front 30

neural impulse

Back 30

the message a neuron conducts

Front 31

action potential

Back 31

a measurement of the spread of the electro chemical change

Front 32

sodium potassium pump

Back 32

establishes and maintains ion distribution. Pg. 613

Front 33

threshold potential

Back 33

when enough NA+ enters to depolarize the membrane to a certain point.

Front 34

myelin sheath

Back 34

a fatty material that coats thin vertebrate nerve fibers and helps impulses to move faster formed by schwann cells

Front 35

node of ranvier

Back 35

the area between schwann cells is a short region of exposed axon

Front 36

saltatory conduction

Back 36

when a neural impulse travels along the axon it "jumps" from node to node in this type of transmission

Front 37

neurotransmitter

Back 37

a chemical signal that travels from a sending cell to a recieving cell across a tiny space. once across the space it then binds to a receptor protein on the receiving cells membranes

Front 38

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Back 38

the part outside the brain and nervous system. only uses three neurotransmitters.

Front 39

synaptic knobs

Back 39

the end of an axon has tiny branches called this. these knobs contain many synaptic vesicles which are small sacs that hold neurotransmitter molecules

Front 40

presynaptic neuron

Back 40

the cell sending the message

Front 41

synaptic cleft

Back 41

the space between two neurons at a chemical synapse

Front 42

postsynaptic neuron

Back 42

the receiving neuron

Front 43

reputake

Back 43

the action of a neurotransmitter being taken back into presynaptic axon soon after its release

Front 44

excitatory synapses

Back 44

depolarize the post synaptic membrane

Front 45

inhibitory synapses

Back 45

increases the polarization of the synaptic membrane

Front 46

synapses

Back 46

synapses markedly increase the informational content of the nervous system.

Front 47

gonads

Back 47

the ovaries in females and testes in males.

Front 48

seminiferous tubules

Back 48

network of tubes which are packed into paired oval organs. Sperm form and mature here

Front 49

testes

Back 49

contains the seminiferous tubules

Front 50

epididymis

Back 50

in the human male, a tightly coiled tube leading from each testis, where sperm mature and are stored

Front 51

uterine tubes

Back 51

tube leading from the ovaries to the uterus.
Pg. 805

Front 52

uterus

Back 52

where the embryo grows

Front 53

population ecology

Back 53

a major sub-field of ecology that deals with the dynamics of species populations and how these populations interact with the environment.[1]

Front 54

community ecology

Back 54

a subdiscipline of ecology which studies the distribution, abundance, demography, and interactions between coexisting populations. Interactions between populations, determined by specific genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, is the primary focus of community ecology. Modern community ecology examines patterns such as variation in species richness, equitability, productivity and food web structure; it also examines processes such as predator-prey population dynamics, succession, and community assembly.

Front 55

ecosystem ecology

Back 55

the integrated study of biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems and their interactions within an ecosystem framework. This science examines how ecosystems work and relates this to their components such as chemicals, bedrock, soil, plants, and animals, see Figure 1.
Ecosystem ecology examines physical and also biological structures and examines how these ecosystem characteristics interact with each other