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55 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
optic disk
location where ganglion cells exit the eye and form the optic nerve
tapetum lucidum
reflects light back into the optic retina, increasing intensity of light under poorly lit conditions
pigmented retina
absorbs light to limit reflections within the eye

(aka choroid)
unpigmented retina
receives images formed by the lens and transmits these images to the optic nerve
cornea
refracts light, helping the eye to focus
pupil
controls the amount of light entering the eye
iris
contracts and dilates the pupil to control the amount of light entering the eye
lens
refracts light to be focused on the retina
optic nerve
transmits visual information from the retina to the brain
sclera
protects the rest of the eye and provides attachment points for extraocular muscles
aqueous humour
maintains intraocular pressure and provides nutrition to the lens and cornea, which are not vascularized
cerebral hemispheres
integrations of complex behavioral patterns; controls complicated movements; assembles and integrates visual, olfactory, and auditory information

telecephalon
gyri
increase surface area of cerebral hemispheres

telecephalon
sulci
increase surface area of cerebral hemispheres

telecephalon
cerebral fissure
divides the cerebrum into two hemispheres

telecephalon
corpus callosum
allows the two sides of the neocortex (in the cerebral hemispheres) to receive information from one another

telecephalon
fornix
carries signals from the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies

telecephalon
anterior commissure
connects the two cerebral hemispheres, transferring information to coordinate functions

telecephalon
CN I olfactory nerve
sensory

telecephalon
olfactory bulbs
filters and transmits smell information from nose (and olfactory nerves) to the brain; may enhance discrimination between odors and filter out background odors

telecephalon
lateral olfactory tracts
transmits information from the olfactory bulbs to the olfactory lobes (pyriform area)

telecephalon
pyriform area (=olfactory lobe)
processes olfactory information

telecephalon
rhinal fissure
seperates the pyriform area from the cerebral hemispheres
pineal gland (body) = epiphysis
photoreceptive and endocrine; regulates circadian rhythm

diencephalon
habenular trigone
inytegrate olfactory impulses received from the cerebral hemispheres

diencephalon
posterior commissure
connects the two cerebral hemispheres; mediates the pupil's response to light

diencephalon
massa intermedia
serves as connective bridge between right and left thalamus

diencephalon
thalamus
processes and relays sensory information to the cerebral hemispheres; regulates sleep and wakefulness

diencephalon
third ventricle (cavity mostly surrounded by thalamic tissue)
produces cerebrospinal fluid used ot bathe and cushion the brain

diencephalon
hypothalamus
control a variety of functions such as body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger

diencephalon
mammillary bodies
process recognition memory

diencephalon
infundibulum
connection between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary
hyopphysis (=pituitary gland)
secretes hormones that help control growth, blood pressure, milk production, sex organs, thyroid gland function, and metabolism

diencephalon
optic chiasma
allows for parts of both eyes that attend the left field of view to be processed in the right visual system in the brain, and vice versa

diencephalon
CN II optic
sensory
cerebral peduncles (=optic lobes)
receive optic tracts; convey motor information ot and from the brain to the rest of the body; receives information from eyes

mesencephalon
CN III oculomotor
motor

mesencephalon
CN IV trochlear
motor

mesencephalon
superior colliculus (=corpora quadragemina)
visual processing, including predator/prey discrimination; mediates oculomotor movements

mesencephalon
inferior colliculus (=corpora quadragemina)
receives auditory input; integrates sound location information; detects pitch; involved in startle reflex

mesencephalon
cerebral aqueduct
contains cerebrospinal fluid

mesencephalon
cerebellum
integrates information from inner ear, lateral line, vision, etc. to control equilibrium and modifies movements to produce proper timing, coordination, and balance

metencephalon
folia
increase surface area of cerebellum

metencephalon
sulci
increase surface area of cerebellum

grooves between folia)

metencephalon
pons
connects motor portions of the cerebrum with the cerebellum

metencephalon
CN V trigeminal
mixed

metencephalon
medulla oblongata
controls respiration, blood pressure, swallowing, vomiting, and defecation

myelencephalon
fourth ventricle (mostly within medulla)
produces cerebrospinal fluid used ot bathe and cushion the brain

myelencephalon
CN VI abducens
motor

myelencephalon
CN VII facial
mixed

myelencephalon
CN VIII auditory
sensory

myelencephalon
CN IX glossopharyngeal
mixed

myelencephalon
CN X vagus
mixed

myelencephalon
CN XI accessory
motor

myelencephalon
CN XII hypoglossal
motor

myelencephalon