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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
optic disk
|
location where ganglion cells exit the eye and form the optic nerve
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tapetum lucidum
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reflects light back into the optic retina, increasing intensity of light under poorly lit conditions
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pigmented retina
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absorbs light to limit reflections within the eye
(aka choroid) |
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unpigmented retina
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receives images formed by the lens and transmits these images to the optic nerve
|
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cornea
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refracts light, helping the eye to focus
|
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pupil
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controls the amount of light entering the eye
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iris
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contracts and dilates the pupil to control the amount of light entering the eye
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lens
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refracts light to be focused on the retina
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optic nerve
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transmits visual information from the retina to the brain
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sclera
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protects the rest of the eye and provides attachment points for extraocular muscles
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aqueous humour
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maintains intraocular pressure and provides nutrition to the lens and cornea, which are not vascularized
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cerebral hemispheres
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integrations of complex behavioral patterns; controls complicated movements; assembles and integrates visual, olfactory, and auditory information
telecephalon |
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gyri
|
increase surface area of cerebral hemispheres
telecephalon |
|
sulci
|
increase surface area of cerebral hemispheres
telecephalon |
|
cerebral fissure
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divides the cerebrum into two hemispheres
telecephalon |
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corpus callosum
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allows the two sides of the neocortex (in the cerebral hemispheres) to receive information from one another
telecephalon |
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fornix
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carries signals from the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies
telecephalon |
|
anterior commissure
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connects the two cerebral hemispheres, transferring information to coordinate functions
telecephalon |
|
CN I olfactory nerve
|
sensory
telecephalon |
|
olfactory bulbs
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filters and transmits smell information from nose (and olfactory nerves) to the brain; may enhance discrimination between odors and filter out background odors
telecephalon |
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lateral olfactory tracts
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transmits information from the olfactory bulbs to the olfactory lobes (pyriform area)
telecephalon |
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pyriform area (=olfactory lobe)
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processes olfactory information
telecephalon |
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rhinal fissure
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seperates the pyriform area from the cerebral hemispheres
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pineal gland (body) = epiphysis
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photoreceptive and endocrine; regulates circadian rhythm
diencephalon |
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habenular trigone
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inytegrate olfactory impulses received from the cerebral hemispheres
diencephalon |
|
posterior commissure
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connects the two cerebral hemispheres; mediates the pupil's response to light
diencephalon |
|
massa intermedia
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serves as connective bridge between right and left thalamus
diencephalon |
|
thalamus
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processes and relays sensory information to the cerebral hemispheres; regulates sleep and wakefulness
diencephalon |
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third ventricle (cavity mostly surrounded by thalamic tissue)
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produces cerebrospinal fluid used ot bathe and cushion the brain
diencephalon |
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hypothalamus
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control a variety of functions such as body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger
diencephalon |
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mammillary bodies
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process recognition memory
diencephalon |
|
infundibulum
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connection between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary
|
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hyopphysis (=pituitary gland)
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secretes hormones that help control growth, blood pressure, milk production, sex organs, thyroid gland function, and metabolism
diencephalon |
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optic chiasma
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allows for parts of both eyes that attend the left field of view to be processed in the right visual system in the brain, and vice versa
diencephalon |
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CN II optic
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sensory
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cerebral peduncles (=optic lobes)
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receive optic tracts; convey motor information ot and from the brain to the rest of the body; receives information from eyes
mesencephalon |
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CN III oculomotor
|
motor
mesencephalon |
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CN IV trochlear
|
motor
mesencephalon |
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superior colliculus (=corpora quadragemina)
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visual processing, including predator/prey discrimination; mediates oculomotor movements
mesencephalon |
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inferior colliculus (=corpora quadragemina)
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receives auditory input; integrates sound location information; detects pitch; involved in startle reflex
mesencephalon |
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cerebral aqueduct
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contains cerebrospinal fluid
mesencephalon |
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cerebellum
|
integrates information from inner ear, lateral line, vision, etc. to control equilibrium and modifies movements to produce proper timing, coordination, and balance
metencephalon |
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folia
|
increase surface area of cerebellum
metencephalon |
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sulci
|
increase surface area of cerebellum
grooves between folia) metencephalon |
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pons
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connects motor portions of the cerebrum with the cerebellum
metencephalon |
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CN V trigeminal
|
mixed
metencephalon |
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medulla oblongata
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controls respiration, blood pressure, swallowing, vomiting, and defecation
myelencephalon |
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fourth ventricle (mostly within medulla)
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produces cerebrospinal fluid used ot bathe and cushion the brain
myelencephalon |
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CN VI abducens
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motor
myelencephalon |
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CN VII facial
|
mixed
myelencephalon |
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CN VIII auditory
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sensory
myelencephalon |
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CN IX glossopharyngeal
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mixed
myelencephalon |
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CN X vagus
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mixed
myelencephalon |
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CN XI accessory
|
motor
myelencephalon |
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CN XII hypoglossal
|
motor
myelencephalon |