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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
How many pairs of ribs are there?
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12
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You have how many true ribs, and how many false ribs?
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7 true and 5 false
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12 total!
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These are called your floating ribs
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11th and 12th ribs
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Last two ribs
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The heads of the ribs articulate with the __________?
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2 adjacent vertebrae and the IVD between them
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The tubercles of the ribs articulate with the __________ of the _________ and form ___________ joints.
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transverse process, thoracic vertebrae, costotransverse
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Most commonly fractured ribs
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Middle ribs
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These ribs only articulate with their own vertebrae and therefore do not have _________
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1, 11, 12, costal grooves
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Floating and First
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Costal grooves contain
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costal arteries, veins, and nerves
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Lower rib fractures may injure the
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pleura
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Flail Chest
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multiple ribs fracture and the thoracic wall moves freely; very painful impaired ventilation
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Think about flailing your arms. You move them *freely* and you use *multiple* limbs.
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Fracture of this rib is very rare
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1st
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Fracture of the first rib damages the
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Subclavian artery and brachial plexus
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Scalene gap
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Cervical Rib is also known as
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Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
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Thoracic Outlet Syndrome/Cervical Rib is caused by the formation of a ______ on C__
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costal process, 7
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Costal cartilage _________s as you age
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Calcifies
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Restriction of respiratory movement
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Expansion is made possible 5 things:
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•Mobility of costovertebral joints
•Elevation of the sternum •Mobility of the manubriosternal joint •Elasticity of the costal cartilages •Increased kyphosis of the thoracic column |
I MEME
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The _______ is thinner and longer in males
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sternum
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Sternal angle is at
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T4
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Ossification of the sternum starts at
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3-6 months
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The __________ may not ossify until middle age
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Xiphoid process
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The thorax ________ during inspiration
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widens
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breathe
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Sternal puncture is conducted where?
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Upper third of the sternum at the midline
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Sternal puncture is used for?
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Bone marrow biopsy/transplant, cytologic analysis
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Used to access the heart during Coronary bypass and Open heart surgery
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Median sternotomy
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Associated with ectopia cordis
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Complete sternal cleft
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Pectum excavatum is also known as
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Funnel chest
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This is the protrusion of the sternum and ribs
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Pigeon chest
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Causes a sternal foramen to form
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Congenital Sternal Fissure
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The posterior and anterior intercostals are drained by the _______ and ________ into the _______
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azygos and hemiazygos, SVC
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During an Intercostal nerve block the needle is inserted close to which border?
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Lower border of the rib
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Opposite of thoracotomy
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Tube thoracotomy and thoracocentesis are conducted where
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close to the upper border of the rib
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Opposite of IC n. block
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The skin of the back is innervated by which nerves?
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dorsal thoracic nerves
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The breasts are innervated by
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the intercostal nerves (T4-T6)
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Female breast start at ____ and descend to ______
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R2, R6
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Polythelia
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more than 2 nipples
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Polymastia
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more than 2 breasts
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Estrogen leads to branching of __________ ducts.
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Lactiferous
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During puberty in females, _______ is secreted which causes increased __________ and enlargement of the breasts
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estrogen, fat deposition
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Blood supply to the breasts comes from which arteries?
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Intercostal, internal thoracic, axillary
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75% of lymph drainage from the breasts is from the
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axillary lymph nodes
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Breast cancers may _______ to the axillary lymph nodes and removal of the nodes may be required
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metastasize
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The invasion of Cooper's ligaments results in
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skin dimpling of the breasts
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This nerve may be damaged during radical mastectomy
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long thoracic
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_______ may be due to a mother's hormones or Klinefelter's
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gynecomastia
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Double layered and serous
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pleura
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Outermost layer of the pleura
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parietal
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During inspiration the intrapleural pressure is
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-6 cm H20
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Positive intrapleural pressure results in
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lung collapse
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type of Pneumothorax wherein air enters the pleural cavity but doesnt leave
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tension
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Type of Pneumothorax wherein a bleb ruptures
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Spontaneous
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Type of Pneumothorax wherein the parietal pleura is punctured
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Open/Sucking
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A tube thoracotomy is used to cure
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Pneumothorax
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Where is a tube thoracotomy conducted?
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The 4th or 5th intercostal space
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Thoracocentesis is performed where? Where is it NEVER performed? Why?
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1-2 intercostal spaces below the fluid, below the 9th intercostal space, damage to the liver
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Effusion
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excess fluid in a cavity
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Congestive heart failure is an example of a condition where __________ occurs
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hydrothorax
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Pyothorax
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accumulation of puss due to infection
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Injury to the thoracic duct results in
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Chylothorax
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Injury of the _________ leads to hemothorax
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subclavian artery during catheterization
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The inferior border of the lungs occurs at _____ in adults and _____ in children
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6th, 5th
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Tidal Volume
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.5L; volume of air inspired or expired in a normal breath
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Corresponds to the volume one can inspire over the TV. What is the value?
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IRV; 3L
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ERV =
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1.2L
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TLC =
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5.9L
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FVC =
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4.7L
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RV =
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1.2L
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Blue Bloaters
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Chronic Bronchitis patients
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Pink Puffers
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Emphysema patients
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Pulmonary hypertension is cause by excess blood in which ventricle?
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Right
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Results in a saw-toothed ECG baseline
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Atrial flutter
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Causes a wavy baseline and absence of a PWave
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Atrial fibrillation
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Myocardial ischemia causes S-T segment _________
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depression
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S-T segment elevation can be cause by
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Myocardial infarction, vasospastic angina, or pericarditis
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MIVAP
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Coronary arteries are functional end arteries and lack
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anastomoses
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During a coronary angiography, a catheter is inserted through which arteries?
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Femoral or brachial
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