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75 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
  • 3rd side (hint)
How many pairs of ribs are there?
12
You have how many true ribs, and how many false ribs?
7 true and 5 false
12 total!
These are called your floating ribs
11th and 12th ribs
Last two ribs
The heads of the ribs articulate with the __________?
2 adjacent vertebrae and the IVD between them
The tubercles of the ribs articulate with the __________ of the _________ and form ___________ joints.
transverse process, thoracic vertebrae, costotransverse
Most commonly fractured ribs
Middle ribs
These ribs only articulate with their own vertebrae and therefore do not have _________
1, 11, 12, costal grooves
Floating and First
Costal grooves contain
costal arteries, veins, and nerves
Lower rib fractures may injure the
pleura
Flail Chest
multiple ribs fracture and the thoracic wall moves freely; very painful impaired ventilation
Think about flailing your arms. You move them *freely* and you use *multiple* limbs.
Fracture of this rib is very rare
1st
Fracture of the first rib damages the
Subclavian artery and brachial plexus
Scalene gap
Cervical Rib is also known as
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome/Cervical Rib is caused by the formation of a ______ on C__
costal process, 7
Costal cartilage _________s as you age
Calcifies
Restriction of respiratory movement
Expansion is made possible 5 things:
•Mobility of costovertebral joints
•Elevation of the sternum
•Mobility of the manubriosternal joint
•Elasticity of the costal cartilages
•Increased kyphosis of the thoracic column
I MEME
The _______ is thinner and longer in males
sternum
Sternal angle is at
T4
Ossification of the sternum starts at
3-6 months
The __________ may not ossify until middle age
Xiphoid process
The thorax ________ during inspiration
widens
breathe
Sternal puncture is conducted where?
Upper third of the sternum at the midline
Sternal puncture is used for?
Bone marrow biopsy/transplant, cytologic analysis
Used to access the heart during Coronary bypass and Open heart surgery
Median sternotomy
Associated with ectopia cordis
Complete sternal cleft
Pectum excavatum is also known as
Funnel chest
This is the protrusion of the sternum and ribs
Pigeon chest
Causes a sternal foramen to form
Congenital Sternal Fissure
The posterior and anterior intercostals are drained by the _______ and ________ into the _______
azygos and hemiazygos, SVC
During an Intercostal nerve block the needle is inserted close to which border?
Lower border of the rib
Opposite of thoracotomy
Tube thoracotomy and thoracocentesis are conducted where
close to the upper border of the rib
Opposite of IC n. block
The skin of the back is innervated by which nerves?
dorsal thoracic nerves
The breasts are innervated by
the intercostal nerves (T4-T6)
Female breast start at ____ and descend to ______
R2, R6
Polythelia
more than 2 nipples
Polymastia
more than 2 breasts
Estrogen leads to branching of __________ ducts.
Lactiferous
During puberty in females, _______ is secreted which causes increased __________ and enlargement of the breasts
estrogen, fat deposition
Blood supply to the breasts comes from which arteries?
Intercostal, internal thoracic, axillary
75% of lymph drainage from the breasts is from the
axillary lymph nodes
Breast cancers may _______ to the axillary lymph nodes and removal of the nodes may be required
metastasize
The invasion of Cooper's ligaments results in
skin dimpling of the breasts
This nerve may be damaged during radical mastectomy
long thoracic
_______ may be due to a mother's hormones or Klinefelter's
gynecomastia
Double layered and serous
pleura
Outermost layer of the pleura
parietal
During inspiration the intrapleural pressure is
-6 cm H20
Positive intrapleural pressure results in
lung collapse
type of Pneumothorax wherein air enters the pleural cavity but doesnt leave
tension
Type of Pneumothorax wherein a bleb ruptures
Spontaneous
Type of Pneumothorax wherein the parietal pleura is punctured
Open/Sucking
A tube thoracotomy is used to cure
Pneumothorax
Where is a tube thoracotomy conducted?
The 4th or 5th intercostal space
Thoracocentesis is performed where? Where is it NEVER performed? Why?
1-2 intercostal spaces below the fluid, below the 9th intercostal space, damage to the liver
Effusion
excess fluid in a cavity
Congestive heart failure is an example of a condition where __________ occurs
hydrothorax
Pyothorax
accumulation of puss due to infection
Injury to the thoracic duct results in
Chylothorax
Injury of the _________ leads to hemothorax
subclavian artery during catheterization
The inferior border of the lungs occurs at _____ in adults and _____ in children
6th, 5th
Tidal Volume
.5L; volume of air inspired or expired in a normal breath
Corresponds to the volume one can inspire over the TV. What is the value?
IRV; 3L
ERV =
1.2L
TLC =
5.9L
FVC =
4.7L
RV =
1.2L
Blue Bloaters
Chronic Bronchitis patients
Pink Puffers
Emphysema patients
Pulmonary hypertension is cause by excess blood in which ventricle?
Right
Results in a saw-toothed ECG baseline
Atrial flutter
Causes a wavy baseline and absence of a PWave
Atrial fibrillation
Myocardial ischemia causes S-T segment _________
depression
S-T segment elevation can be cause by
Myocardial infarction, vasospastic angina, or pericarditis
MIVAP
Coronary arteries are functional end arteries and lack
anastomoses
During a coronary angiography, a catheter is inserted through which arteries?
Femoral or brachial