Zoller Final 1

Front 1

1. The facial nerve initially enters through this foramen? Where does it exit?

Back 1

1. internal acoustic meatus; pontomedullary junction

Front 2

2. What is the only kind of fibers not associated with the facial nerve

Back 2

2. Somatic motor

Front 3

3. This disease progresses with the compression of the facial nerve from where it enters the brainstem into the face.

Back 3

3. Bell’s Palsy

Front 4

4. Also, if the facial nerve is compressed, parasympathetic fibers would be blocked and you would not have the ability to form these?

Back 4

4. Tears

Front 5

5. When the facial nerve gets to the parotid, which modality is it carrying?

Back 5

5. Brachial motor

Front 6

6. The motor root of the facial nerve carries what modalities? The sensory root caries what?

Back 6

6. Brachial and parasympathetic motor; visceral sensory, somatic sensory and taste

Front 7

Name the nuclei and modality associated with the following functions?

Front 8

7. to muscles of facial expression, post digastric, stylohyoid, stapezius

Back 8

7. Brachial motor, facial motor nuclei

Front 9

8. to glands and involuntary motor muscles in the head

Back 9

8. Parasympathetic Motor, Superior salivatory nucleus

Front 10

9. sensory from the external auditory (acoustic) meatus

Back 10

9. Somatic Sensory, trigeminal sensory nuclei

Front 11

10. sensory from mucous membranes of nasopharynx and palate

Back 11

10. Visceral sensory, Solitary nucleus

Front 12

11. taste from ant 2/3 of the tongue and palate

Back 12

11. Taste, Solitary nucleus

Front 13

12. The chorda typani exits through this

Back 13

12. Petro-tympanic Fissure-

Front 14

13. The calcification of this ligament is associated with Eagle’s syndrome

Back 14

13. stylohyoid ligament

Front 15

14. In the visceral sensory pathway, T1, T2, and T3 preganglionic fibers synapse in this ganglion? After synapsing, it will become this nerve

Back 15

14. superior cervical ganglion; deep petrosal nerve

Front 16

15. In parasympathetic motor pathway, starting from the superior cervical ganglion. The facial nerve splits into what two nerves, and which ganglion do they eventually synapse?

Back 16

15. splits into chorda typani – submandibular ganglion, greater petrosal – pterygopalatine ganglion

Front 17

16. In sympathetic motor pathway, which major artery can fibers from the superior cervical ganglion travel?

Back 17

16. Internal carotid artery

Front 18

17. The somatic sensory pathway starts with this nerve and ends in these ganglion

Back 18

17. posterior auricular nerve; Principal nucleus of V and Spinal trigeminal nucleus of V

Front 19

18. Which two pathways do not synapse in the geniculate ganglion

Back 19

18. symp. Motor, parasymp. Motor

Front 20

19. Any injuries associated with the facial nerve will be ipsilateral or contralateral to side of the injury?

Back 20

19. ipsilateral

Front 21

20. A patient is able to wrinkle his forehead bilaterally, however is unable to move his right cheek.. what is the problem and why did this occur?

Back 21

20. he had a left-sided cerebral stroke, This is because of the upper and lower facial nuclei which are bilaterally innervated above the zygomatic arch, and below the zygomatic arch everything is contralateral.

Front 22

21. the temporomandibular ligament is made up of what kind of connective tissue

Back 22

21. dense regular

Front 23

22. Name the functional and accessory ligaments of the TMJ

Back 23

22. functional: Collateral Ligament, Capsular Ligament, Temporomandibular Ligament

Back 24

22. Accessory: Sphenomandibular, stylomandibular

Front 25

23. These ligaments are responsible for the hinging movement?

Back 25

23. collateral ligaments(LDL, MDL)

Front 26

24. This joint surrounds the entire condyle(as a cup), and is able to retain synovial fluid

Back 26

24. capsular ligament

Front 27

25. This ligament limits the extent of mouth opening.

Back 27

25. The outer portion of the temporomandibular ligament

Front 28

26. This ligament limits posterior movement of the condyle and disc

Back 28

26. IHP – inner horizontal portion of temporomandibular ligament

Front 29

27. The primary sensory innervation of the TMJ is done by this nerve

Back 29

27. auriculotemporal nerve

Front 30

28. The masseteric nerve is a (sensory or motor) nerve that picks up small fibers coming off of the _______ nerve

Back 30

28. motor nerve, mandibular nerve

Front 31

29. Which nerve travels through the condoyle and the coronoid process?

Back 31

29. masseteric

Front 32

30. Which arteries supply blood to the TMJ?

Back 32

30. Maxillary, and superficial temporal

Front 33

31. What is the difference between articular and intervening cartilage?

Back 33

31. intervening can renew itself(has a blood supply) and articular cannot renew itself

Front 34

32. What divides joint capsule into an upper and lower cavity.

Back 34

32. articular disk

Front 35

33. Cartilage does not move independent of bone except in these 2 places

Back 35

33. TMJ, kneea

Front 36

34. Where is the only place where cartilage can regrow and is vascularized??***8

Back 36

34. bilaminar region(retrodiskal pad)

Front 37

35. When the mouth is in the closed position, where is the condoyle relative to the posterior disk band

Back 37

35. the posterior disk band will be anterior to the condyle

Front 38

36. T/F the articular disk is elastic cartilage

Back 38

36. FALSE, it contains elastic fibers, but is not elastic cartilage.

Front 39

37. Describe the superior portion of the articular disk?

Back 39

37. IT is vascular and contains elastic fibers

Front 40

38. This muscle pulls on the condyle/coronoid process by elevation, retrusion, and lateral excursion?

Back 40

38. Temporalis

Front 41

39. How is the masseter’s actions different from the temporalis muscle

Back 41

39. Includes protrusion**

Front 42

40. The superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle originate from what?**

Back 42

40. the lateral aspect of the lateral pterygoid bone

Front 43

41. During retrusion, the superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle will resist retrusion in order to do this?

Back 43

41. in order to control that condyle from slamming into the typanic portion of the temporal bone

Front 44

42. What is the gonial angle?

Back 44

42. Medial aspect of lateral pterygoid process and comes around to the mandible**

Front 45

43. The medial pterygoid muscle originates from what?

Back 45

43. medial aspect of the lateral pterygoid plate**

Front 46

44. This muscle makes the condoyle move toward the midline

Back 46

44. lateral pterygoid muscle

Front 47

45. This nerve is medial and anterior to the IA

Back 47

45. lingual nerve

Front 48

46. Which nerve is deep to the lateral pterygoid muscle?

Back 48

46. mandibular nerve

Front 49

47. Which muscle Starts on greater w of sphenoid and attaches on the inner aspect of the mandible* and what are its 3 actions

Back 49

47. sphenomandibularis; excursion, protrusion, ELEVATION*

Front 50

48. What are the 3 major depressors of the mandible?

Back 50

48. ant/post diagastrics and mylohyoid muscles

Front 51

49. What are articular surfaces made of (what kind of tissue)***know

Back 51

49. Dense fibrous tissue

Front 52

50. What is the difference between disc derangement with reduction and disc derangement without reduction?

Back 52

50. Without reduction is when the disc stays in its abnormal position, even when opening

Back 53

50. With reduction: disc becomes more anterior and medially to the condyle – this is when you hear the click.

Front 54

51. In right lateral excusion, which muscles are being used?

Back 54

51. left lateral pterygoid, left medial pterygoid, right temporalis, right masseter; would be opposite for a left lateral excursion*

Front 55

What muscles are involved with the following for the mandible

Front 56

Depression

Back 56

Stylohyoid, and infrahyoid muscles, lateral pterygoid

Front 57

Retrusion

Back 57

Masseter and Temporalis

Front 58

Protrusion

Back 58

Med/Lat. Pterygoids, masseter

Front 59

Elevation

Back 59

Temporalis, Medial Pterygoid, masseter

Front 60

Right lateral excursion

Back 60

Left med/lat. Pterygoids, right masseter, right temporalis

Front 61

Left lateral excursion

Back 61

Right med/lat Pterygoids, left masseter, left temporalis

Front 62

52. Name the 4 walls of the Infratemporal fossa

Back 62

52. Roof: Greater Wing of Sphenoid, Temporal Bone

Back 63

Medial Wall: Lateral pterygoid plate

Back 64

Anterior Wall: Posterior surface of maxilla

Back 65

Posterior Wall: Stylomandibular ligament

Front 66

53. Which two nerves lie on the superficial surface of the medial pterygoid?

Back 66

53.Lingual and IA

Front 67

54. Why does your nose itch if you accidently get anesthesia into the maxillary artery

Back 67

54. Because the maxillary branches into the sphenopalatine artery which supplies blood to the nose

Front 68

55. The pterygoid canal is medial and anterior to this hole?

Back 68

55. formen rotundum

Front 69

56. what is the venous equivalent of the maxillary artery

Back 69

56. pterygoid plexus

Front 70

57. What travels through the petrotypanic fissure?

Back 70

57. chorda typani

Front 71

58. Which nerve runs on the anterior aspect of the anterior scalene

Back 71

58. Phrenic nerve

Front 72

59. What runs between the anterior and middle scalenes?

Back 72

59. Brachial Plexus

Front 73

60. What happens if you compress the brachial plexus? What are the symptoms?

Back 73

60. you will get thoracic outlet syndrome – effects sensory and motor of upper limbs along with muscle twitching, pain, and parathesia

Front 74

61. In this syndrome, you thumb stops working(sensory and motor)?

Back 74

61. Carpel Tunnel Syndrome

Front 75

62. What happens in an Aortic Aneurism? What is the major symptom?

Back 75

62. The loop of the aorta is enlarged and therefore compresses the recurrent laryngeal nerve. A non-productive cough is the major symptom

Front 76

63. The recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of which nerve?

Back 76

63. Vagus nerve

Front 77

64. Which two ganglion are in the loop of the aorta?

Back 77

64. Middle and inferior cervical ganglion

Front 78

65. The inferior cervical ganglion sometimes merges with the sympathetic ganglion of C1 and creates this ganglion?

Back 78

65. Stelate ganglion KNOW*

Front 79

66. You just graduated from dental school and performed a tracheotomy on a patient, which artery is important that you cannot cut because it will bleed “LIKE A SON OF A GUN”(Dr. Zoller).

Back 79

66. Thyroid Ema Artery

Front 80

67. This is the space between the buccopharyngeal fascia in the back of the pharynx and the vertebral column?

Back 80

67. Retropharyngeal Space

Front 81

68. Which fascia splits the retropharyngeal space into 2 parts?

Back 81

68. Alar Fascia

Front 82

69. This nerve goes through a gap between the superior constrictor and the middle constrictor

Back 82

69. Glossopharyngeal KNOW*

Front 83

70. Which nerve goes through the stylomastoid foramen?

Back 83

70. Facial nerve

Front 84

71. Which branch of the facial nerve arallels the parotid duct and transverse facial artery?

Back 84

71. buccal branch

Front 85

72. what is the marg mand running perpendicular to?

Back 85

72. Facial Artery

Front 86

73. When do the lingual nerve and lingual artery start to parallel each other?

Back 86

73. when they get to the tongue

Front 87

74. Which functionality of CN 9 and 10 do they have different nuclei? Name these nuclei

Back 87

74. Parasympathetic motor; 9 – inferior salivatory nucleus

Back 88

10 – dorsal motor nucleus of X

Front 89

75. This muscle is just posterior to the larynx?

Back 89

75. Superior constrictor

Front 90

76. What are the cranial nuclei of CN 11(accessory nerve)?

Back 90

76. nucleus ambiguous – branchial motor, Ventral horn cells (C1 – C5 (or C6))

Front 91

77. Which nerve transcends into the carotid sinus?

Back 91

77. Vagus nerve

Front 92

78. Which nerve provides motor to the stylopharngeus?

Back 92

78. glossopharyngeal nerve(9)

Front 93

79.. In which modality of CN 9 is there chemoreceptors in the carotid body and pressure receptors in the carotid sinus

Back 93

79. General Visceral Afferent

Front 94

80. Which nerve is a continuation of the tympanic nerve?

Back 94

80. Lesser Petrosal nerve

Front 95

81. This nerve hasSensory from eardrum, round windows, mastoid air cells, auditory tube and also is considered Parasympathetic Motor?

Back 95

81. Tympanic nerve of CN 9

Front 96

82. The superior ganglion of the vagus nerve sits in what foramen?

Back 96

82. Jugular foramen

Front 97

83. Which nerve and associated modality give sensory from taste buds on the epiglottis?

Back 97

83. X – special visceral afferent

Front 98

84. which modality does not respond to slicing? Where can this be found?

Back 98

84. X- general visceral afferent – uterus, cervix, and esophagus

Front 99

85. Which nerve goes right through the thyrohyoid membrane(which is between the thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone)?

Back 99

85. Internal Laryngeal nerve

Front 100

86. T/F If you cut the vagus nerve as it exits the brainstem speech will be affected.

Back 100

86. F – it will not be affected because fibers from XI via X will already be traveling .

Front 101

87. All of the following branches of the vagus gets fibers from CN11 except:

Back 101

87. B – look at diagram in lecture

Front 102

a. The recurrent laryngeal b. internal branch of the superior laryngeal c. external branch of the superior laryngeal d. pharyngeal branch

Front 103

88. Which branch of the vagus nerve carries both sensory and motor fibers?

Back 103

88. Recurrent laryngeal

Front 104

89. After the accessory nerve(CN11) passes the throat it travels to these 2 muscles?

Back 104

89. Stn. C. mastoid and trapezius

Front 105

90. If you tongue is deviating toward the right, one of two things could have happened. Explain.

Back 105

90. either had a stroke in the left cerebral hemisphere or the right hypoglossal nucleus is damaged.

Front 106

91. Which two motor nuclei are the only ones that are bilaterally innervated?

Back 106

91. lower motor facial neurons and corticobulbar fibers

Front 107

92. What is the strongest muscle of the tongue?

Back 107

92. genioglossus

Front 108

93. What type of epithelium is the olfactory mucosa?

Back 108

93. pseudostratified columnar ciliated ep. With globlet cells

Front 109

94. This gland makes serous fluid?

Back 109

94. Bowman’s gland

Front 111

95. What are the 3 cell types in the olfactory mucosa and describe each one?

Back 111

95. receptor cells – send info to CN1 and ciliated

Back 112

Sustenacular cells – supporting cells

Back 113

Basal cells – these are stem cells that turn into either a receptor cell or sustenacular cell

Front 114

96. What are the 2 purposes of a head sinus?

Back 114

96. 1. it is said to make your head lighter

Back 115

2. Help airrate your nasal cavaity and upper respiratory system (HUMidify )

Front 116

97 Which hole is posterior to inferior nasal concha?

Back 116

97. The opening to the auditory tube

Front 117

98. What is the hole between the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity?

Back 117

98. Maxillary Hiatus

Front 118

99. Which concha is its own bone and which concha are part of the ethmoid bone?

Back 118

99. its own bone – inferior nasal concha; part of ethmoid – superior and middle concha

Front 119

100. Why do the sinuses have a problem with their location?

Back 119

100. Because any contiuity of the sinuses could lead to spreading infections

Front 120

101. Which are the sinuses that are not symmetric?

Back 120

101. Fronal sinuses

Front 121

102. What are 2 major differences in the histology of the sinuses?

Back 121

102. Very thin lamina propria and very thin submucosa that fuses with the periosteum

Front 122

103. which anatomical structure is critical for vocalization, respiration and deglutition?

Back 122

103. Larynx

Front 123

104. This structure Equalizes the pressure in the middle ear and is Conduit for infections to the middle ear

Back 123

104. Pharyngeotympanic tube

Front 124

105. This part of the pharynx is considered the back of the oral cavity?

Back 124

105. oropharynx

Front 125

106. This is the place where food commonly gets caught or pills? In which part of the pharynx is it located?

Back 125

106. piriform recess; laryngeopharynx

Front 126

107. Describe the musculature of the pharynx

Back 126

107. Two layers of muscle

Back 127

      Inner longitudinal: Stylopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus

Back 128

      Outer circular: Three "nesting muscles" (from insite to outside" 1. superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constircor

Front 129

108. What does the inferior constrictor originate from?

Back 129

108. cricoid and thyroid cartilage.

Front 130

109. In which gap does the recurrent laryngeal nerve reside?

Back 130

109. GAP 4

Front 131

110. Which gap has the stylopharngeus muscle and glossopharyngeal nerve? Between which two constrictors is this gap?

Back 131

110. GAP 2 ; superior and middle constrictors

Front 132

111. which nerve has to do with the gag reflex?

Back 132

111. CN 9

Front 133

112. what is considered the adam’s apple or voice box>? Where is it located?

Back 133

112. the larynx; between the mandible and the trachea, hangs off the hyoid bone

Front 134

113. which cartilage is the only one that forms a complete ring?

Back 134

113. cricoid cartilage.

Front 135

114. describe the ventricular folds or “false folds” and their function,?

Back 135

114. they function to help protect the true vocal folds, they do not contain muscle and are dense irregular connective tissue.

Front 136

115. motor innervation to the cricothyroid is done via what?

Back 136

115. the external laryngeal branch of X