Zjq Radiation Therapy Terms, 1St Chapter

Front 1

Cellular Differentiation

Back 1

occurs when a stem cell undergoes mitosis and divides into daughter cells

Front 2

Adenocarcinoma

Back 2

epithelial cells that are glandular. ex- tissue lining the stomach.

Front 3

Anaplastic

Back 3

pathologic description of cells, describing a loss of differentiation and more primitive appearance

Front 4

Benign

Back 4

tumors that are well differentiated and do not metastasize

Front 5

Biopsy

Back 5

surgical removal of a small tissue to determine disease

Front 6

Brachytherapy

Back 6

radiation treatment of disease by inserting radioactive sources directly into tumor site

Front 7

Carcinomas

Back 7

cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover body organs.

ex. breast, colon, liver, prostate

Front 8

Chemotherapeutic agents

Back 8

classified by their action on their cell or source.
Includes alkylating agents, antimetabolites, antibiotics, hormonal agents, nitrosoureas, vinca alkaloids

Front 9

Cytotoxic

Back 9

ability to kill cancer cells. drugs used to destroy cells of primary tumor.

Front 10

Electron

Back 10

negatively charged partical

Front 11

En Bloc

Back 11

french term meaning "in one block".

Front 12

Epidemiology

Back 12

study of defining the distribution and determine cause of disease in human population

Front 13

Etiology

Back 13

study of the causes of diseases

Front 14

Exophytic

Back 14

noninvasive neoplasm that projects out from an epithelial surface

Front 15

False-Negative

Back 15

when a test indicates no disease when in fact there is

Front 16

False-Positive

Back 16

when tests indicate there is disease when in fact there is none.

Front 17

Gamma Rays

Back 17

electromagnetic radiation emitted from decaying isotopes, used in brachytherapy.

Front 18

Grade

Back 18

shows severity of tumor. or aggressiveness.

Front 19

Immunotherapy

Back 19

therapy producing or increasing immunity.

Front 20

Intraoperative

Back 20

a boost treatment of 10 or 20 Gy delivered right into tumor bed.

Front 21

Intrathecal

Back 21

injection of drugs into the space of cerebral spinal fluid

Front 22

Malignant

Back 22

tumors that invade and destroy surrounding tissues. if untreated, can kill the host

Front 23

Dosimetrist

Back 23

practitioner responsible for setting up treatment plan and QA components.

Front 24

Metastasize

Back 24

process of tumors spreading to site in the body distant from primary site

Front 25

Multicentric

Back 25

arising from many foci and having multiple origination

Front 26

Necrosis

Back 26

death or disintegration of a cell due to disease

Front 27

NED

Back 27

no evidence of disease at time of follow-up exams

Front 28

Oncogenes

Back 28

gene that regulates the growth of cancerous tissue

Front 29

Palliation

Back 29

noncurative treatment to relieve pain when the cancer is at the point of no cure

Front 30

Phase I study

Back 30

testing humans to see the highest dose allowable while keeping no harmful effects

Front 31

Phase II study

Back 31

tests whether a new treatment has a tumoricidal effect against certain cancers

Front 32

Phase III study

Back 32

compares pt's results with the new treatments and standard treatments to show whether new treatments are better

Front 33

Photons

Back 33

small packet of electromagnetic energy

Front 34

Prognosis

Back 34

estimation of life expectancy

Front 35

Proton

Back 35

subatomic particle in nucleus with positive charge

Front 36

Radiation Oncologist

Back 36

physician that overlooks and reviews treatment and discusses the findings with the patient

Front 37

Radiation Therapist

Back 37

radiation practitioner that sees the pt daily and administers the treatments

Front 38

Radioprotectors

Back 38

certain chemicals and drugs that diminish the response of cells to radiation

Front 39

Radiosensitizers

Back 39

chemicals and drugs to help enhance the lethal effects of radiation.

Front 40

Sarcoma

Back 40

malignancy arising from other than epithelial tissues of the body

Front 41

Sensitivity

Back 41

ability of a test to give a true, positive result

Front 42

Sentinel Node

Back 42

primary drainage lymph node of a specific anatomic region.

ex. breast lymph is located near axilla

Front 43

Simulation

Back 43

radiation therapist mock run of treatment. for positioning

Front 44

Specific

Back 44

able to test a true-negative

Front 45

Systemic Treatment

Back 45

treatment that is associated with entire body treatment. ex. chemo.

Front 46

Tumoricidal

Back 46

dose enough eradicate tumor

Front 47

Tumor Staging

Back 47

helps determine size and extent of tumor. helps determine best treatment plan.