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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the bare skin around the nostrils called?
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Planum.
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What bones form the external nose?
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The incisive, maxillary and nasal bones form the external nose.
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What is an extension of the ventral nasal concha?
Where does it terminate? What is it fused to? How does it divert air? |
The alar fold is an extension of the ventral nasal concha, terminating in the nasal vestibule and diverting air medially and ventrally. It is fused to the wing of the nostril.
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Where is the nasolacrimal duct located?
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In the nasal vestibule
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What does the membranous nasal septum connect?
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The cartilaginous septum with the movable cartilage of the nose.
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At what level of dentition are the ventral nasal conchae located?
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PM1-3
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What are the two subdivisions of ethmoidal conchae?
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The ectoturbinates (1-6) and endoturbinates (I-IV).
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Describe the meatuses of the nasal concha.
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Dorsal nasal meatus - dorsal to the dorsal nasal concha.
Middle nasal meatus - ventral to the dorsal nasal concha and dorsal to the ventral nasal concha. Ventral nasal meatus - ventral to the ventral nasal concha. Common nasal meatus - parallel to the bony nasal septum. |
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What is the difference between the frontal sinus in the dog and cat?
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The dog's has three parts: lateral, medial, and rostral.
The cat's is undivided, and reduced or absent in Persian's. |
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What are the nasal sinuses of the dog and cat?
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Dog - frontal, maxillary and sphenoid.
Cat - frontal and sphenoid. |
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What is located dorsal to the last three cheek teeth in the dog?
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The maxillary recess.
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What is the sphenoid sinus filled with in dogs?
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Endoturbinate scrolls.
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What are the three regions of the pharynx?
What region is important to remember is NOT a part of the pharynx? |
The pharynx is comprised of the oropharynx, nasopharynx, and laryngopharynx.
The larynx is not a part of the pharynx. |
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Define the intrapharyngeal ostium.
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The opening of the nasopharynx into the oral and laryngeal parts of the pharynx
It's lateral boundaries are the left and right palatopharyngeal arches and the caudal boundary is the soft palate. |
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What are the boundaries of the oropharynx?
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Caudally - base of the epiglottis.
Cranially - the palatoglossal fold Dorsally - the soft palate Ventrally - the root of the tongue |
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Where are the palatine tonsils located?
Where do their efferent lymph vessels drain? |
Lateral wall of the oropharynx. caudal to the palatoglossal folds, in the tonsilar fossa, covered by the tonsilar fold.
The efferent lymph vessels drain into the medial retropharyngeal ln. |
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What are the boundaries of the nasopharynx?
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Cranially - the choana
Caudally - the intrapharyngeal ostium (as defined in lecture notes - lab note handout has the caudal boundary as the palatopharyngeal arches) Ventrally - the soft palate |
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Where are the pharyngeal openings of the auditory tubes located?
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The nasopharynx.
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What tonsils are located in the nasopharynx?
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The pharyngeal tonsils.
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What are the boundaries of the laryngopharynx?
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Cranially - the palatopharyngeal arches
Caudally - the laryngoesophageal limen |
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Name the pharyngeal muscles that constrict and dilate.
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Constrictors:
Cricopharyngeus m. Thryopharyngeus m. Hyopharyngeus m. Palatopharyngeus m. Pterygopharyngeus m. The dilator is: Stylopharyngeus m. |
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What muscles of the head originated from the somites?
Which originated from the pharyngeal arches? |
Somites: tongue and extrinsic eye muscles.
Pharyngeal arches: Muscle of mastication (1st), facial muscles (2nd), pharyngeal constrictors (3rd), muscles of larynx, pharynx, and esophagus (4th), and COST muscles and laryngeal muscles (5th and 6th). |
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Where does the pterygopharyngeus m. course from and to?
What is it innervated by? |
From the hamulus to the mid-dorsal raphe of the the pharynx.
It is innervated by CN IX and X. |
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Where does the palatopharyngeus m. course from and to?
What is it innervated by? |
From the soft palate to the mid dorsal raphe of the pharynx.
It is innervated by CN IX and X. |
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Which pharyngeal mm. constrict and draw forward the pharynx?
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The pterygopharyngeal and palatopharyngeal mm.
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Where does the hyopharyngeus m. course from and to?
What are its actions? What is it innervated by? |
It courses from the thyrohyoid and ceratohyoid bones to the mid dorsal raphe of the pharynx.
It acts to constrict the rostral part of the pharynx. It is innervated by CN IX and X. |
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Where does the thyropharyngeus m. course from and to?
What are its actions? What is it innervated by? |
It courses from the thyroid cartilage to the mid dorsal raphe of the pharynx.
It acts to constrict the middle part of the pharynx. It is innervated by CN IX and X. |
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Where does the cricopharyngeus m. course from and to?
What are its actions? What is it innervated by? |
It courses from the lateral surface of cricoid cartilage to the mid dorsal raphe of the pharynx.
It acts to constrict the caudal part of the pharynx. It is innervated by CN IX and X. |
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Where does the stylopharyngeus m. course from and to?
What are its actions? What is it innervated by? |
It coursed from the stylohyoid bone to the rostrodorsal wall of the pharynx.
It acts to dilate, elevate, and draw the pharynx forward. it is innervated by CN IX and X. |
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Which pharyngeal muscle shortens the soft palate?
Which tenses the soft palate by exerting lateral traction? Which raises the soft palate? |
Palatinus m. shortens the soft palate.
Tensor veli palatini m. tenses the soft palate. Levator veli palatini m. raises the soft palate. |
