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14 Cards in this Set

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Describe the orientation of the right and left common carotid arteries going up to the head.
Right Common carotid moves from ventral aspect of trachea to dorsal lateral aspect of trachea at the base of the head and goes deep to mandibular gland and digastricus m. It is medial to medial retropharyngeal lnn where it branches to external and internal carotid.

On the left, the only difference is that it’s pushed laterally by the esophagus, which comes between it and the trachea.
What is the location and function of the carotid body?

The carotid sinus?
Carotid body is a chemoreceptor that lies at the bifurcation of the external and internal carotid aa.

The carotid sinus is a bulbous enlargement located at the origin of the internal carotid a., functioning as a baroreceptor.
Why does the internal carotid a. pop it's head out of the foramen lacerum?

What layers does it penetrate when it returns intercranially?
It anastomoses with a branch of the external carotid, increasing blood supply to the brain.

It penetrates the dura mater and arachnoid to lie in the subarchnoid space.
What do the branches of the occipital a. supply blood to?
Three branches:
1. Condylar a. - The muscles attaching to the occipital bone (nuchal crest specifically)
2. Caudal meningeal a. - the meninges.
3. Anastomatic branch - anastomoses with the vertebral artery
What does the internal carotid branch into within the cranium?
It trifurcates into the middle cerebral, rostral cerebral and caudal communicating aa., that along with the basilar a. form the cerebral arterial circle to supply blood to the brain.
What artery is morphologically the internal carotid a. in the cat?

What important cranial structure will it contribute to in the cat?
The ascending pharyngeal a.

In the adult cat, where the internal carotid a. isn't patent the ascending pharyngeal a. extends through the external carotid foramen and contributes directly to the formation of the cerebral arterial circle.
What does the lingual a. course with proximally?
Proximally, it runs with the hypoglossal n.
What artery supplies blood to the floor of the mouth, mylohyoideus and geniohyoideus mm., and tongue?
The sublingual a. off of the facial a.
What artery supplies blood to the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands?
Branches of the facial a.
Name as many of these as you can.
The external carotid artery (2.) gives rise to the superficial temporal artery (10.) and then continues on as the maxillary artery (11.)
What artery enters the mandibular foramen and exits through the mental foramen?
The inferior alveolar a. enters, courses through the mandibular canal and exits the mental foramen as the mental aa.
In the dog, what holes does the maxillary a. pass through?
In the dog, the maxillary a. then passes through the caudal alar foramen, alar canal, and rostral alar foramen
What do the anastomoses of the external ophthalamic a. join?
Anastomotic rami:
One ramus joins the internal carotid and middle meningeal aa.
One ramus joins the internal ophthalmic a.
What artery is at risk during extractions of maxillary teeth?
The major palatine a. passing through the caudal palatine foramen to the major palatine foramen.