Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Name 10 model organisms
|
E. coli, Yeasts, C. elegans, Dictyostelium, Arabidopsis, Drosophila, Frogs, Zebra Fish, Rodents, Humans
|
|
|
What are E. coli used for primarily?
|
-analysis of basic macromolecular and metabolic processes
|
|
|
What are Yeasts used for primarily?
|
The haploid genome of this simple eukaryote allows genetic analysis of many basiccellular processes
|
|
|
What are Dictyostelium used for primarily?
|
Used primarily in studies ofcellular motility and aggregation
|
|
|
The information we have learned about the basic processes of the cell are dependent upon the techniques we use to study with. What are the 6 important techniques?
|
1. Imaging Techniques
2. Cell Culture 3. Biochemical Techniques 4.Immunologic/Antibody based 5. Molecular Genetic Tech. 6. Biophysical Methods |
|
|
What components must be considered in order to keep cell cultures from becoming too "artificial"?
|
l
|
|
|
What are freshly isolated cells called? What may they develop into?
|
"Primary culture". May develop into "cell line".
|
|
|
What should true cell lines be?
|
Euploid and sd have a limited replicative life span.
|
|
|
What is a Culture that undergos a "crisis" called? What does it become and what is it similiar to?
|
They become immortal. They are referred to as Transformed lines and are believed to be somewhat similar to cancerous cells
|
|
|
What are some approaches to adjusting culture conditions to better support specialized activity so that it remains more "realistic" to what actually happens in the natural environment?
|
1. Growth limitation via contact or nutrient withdrawal
2. Provide a bio-substrate 3. Creation of a defined medium w/special "factors" for growth and differentiation phases of the cultivation |
|
|
What are 11 Molecular Genetic Techniques?
|
Reverse Transcriptase, Restriction Enzymes, DNA cloning, Hybridization, Polymerase Chain Rxn, DNA sequencing, Expression systems, Yeast 2-Hybrid system, Transgenics, Knockouts, Interfering RNA
|
|
|
What are the 7 Biophysical Methods?
|
1. Analytical Ultracentrifugation
2. Spectroscopic Analysis 3. EM Reconstruction 4. NMR-for analysis or structure determination 5. X-Ray Diffraction 6. Electrophysiological 7. Mechanical or Force measurements |
|
|
What is the definition of the Genome?
|
The entire complement of genetic info (genes +) possessed by (and somewhate unigue to) each species of organism
|
|
|
Fragmentation, de-naturaization, and re-hybridization of euk. genomes suggests the presence of 3 classes of sequences, what are they?
|
1. Highly Repeated DNA Sequence
2. Moderately Repeated DNA Sequences 3. Non-Repeated Sequence Fraction |
|
|
What are the 3 types of Highly Repeated DNA Sequences?
|
1. Satellite DNA
2. Minisatellite (VNTRs) 3. Microsatellites |
|
|
What are the 2 types of Moderately Repeated DNA Sequences?
|
1. Sequences tt lack coding function: DNA Transposons, RNA tranposons (Lines & Sines)
2. Repeated sequences w/coding function |
|
|
What are the 2 types of Non-Repeated Sequence Fraction?
|
1. Solitary genes
2. Duplicated genes |
|
|
What is another name for HIghly Repeated DNA Sequences? Describe them.
|
"Simple Sequence Repeats". Composed of short sequences (1-500bp), wc repeat "in tandem" multiple times at a given location in genome.
|
|
|
Describe Satellite DNA
|
5-500bps in tandem repeats reaching 100kb in length. Tr uniform base composition often gives fragments containing tm a distinct density & thus ty band separately (as a satellite) in density gradients
|
|
|
Describe Minisatellite DNA
|
12-1--bp w/20-50repeats. The # of repeats can be somewt unstable over multiple generations. Thus ts "polymorphic" regions can be inherited like "alleles" of a gene. Tr variability in the pop allows tm to be used in "DNA Fingerprinting"-called VNTR analysis
|
|
|
Describe Microsatellite DNAs
|
Sequences of only 1-5bp repeated to a total of ~150bp. Prolly due to backward slippage during replication
|
|
|
How (ie single or in clusters) are Moderately repeated sequences that Lack "coding Function" organized throughout the Genome?
|
The bulk are not found in clusters, but rather are scattered through the Genome
|
|
|
Describe Solitary Genes
|
Sequences of protein coding transcripts tt are represented only once per haploid genome
|
|
|
Describe Duplicated Genes
|
Ts similar but not identical gene sequences usually reside w/in 5-50kb of one another and represent gene families
|
