Zboards - Physio (Heart).db

Front 1

T/F All blood from lower extremities drains into the IVC.

Back 1

False. The azygous vein drains the lumbars into the SVC

Front 2

Pulmonary artery carries _____ blood, and the umbilical artery carries _____ blood.

Back 2

BOTH carry DEoxygenated blood. Only 2 exceptions to the rule.

Front 3

In the lungs, the blood is oxygenated via the _____ effect.

Back 3

Bohr

Front 4

Pulmonary vein carries _____ blood, and the umbilical vein carries _____ blood.

Back 4

BOTH carry Oxygenated. Only 2 exceptions to the rule

Front 5

__% of hemoglobin is saturated with O2

Back 5

97%

Front 6

What is the Bohr Effect (in the lungs)?

Back 6

CO2 diffuses from the blood to the alveoli. This reduces blood CO2 levels, along with the H+ ion concentration. This increases the quantity of O2 that binds to hemoglobin, allowing more O2 to tissues (SORRY)

Front 7

P-wave is known as what?

Back 7

Atrial DEpolarization

Front 8

P-R interval is known as what?

Back 8

Isovolumic contraction

Front 9

What is special about the purkinje system in the ventricle?

Back 9

it's 400x faster than any other neurons in the heart

Front 10

Why is the purkinje system in the ventricle 400x faster than any other neurons in the heart?

Back 10

uses intercalated discs and gap junctions

Front 11

What prevents the AV valves from blowing back during ventricular contration?

Back 11

Chordae tendonae + papillary muscles

Front 12

T-wave is also known as what?

Back 12

Ventrcular repolarization

Front 13

S-T segment is also known as what?

Back 13

Isovolumic relaxation (no blood in ventricles; valves closed)

Front 14

When looking at an EKG, what signifies an MI?

Back 14

inverted T-wave, or altered S-T segment

Front 15

What does an inverted T-wave or altered S-T segment mean in an EKG?

Back 15

MI

Front 16

In an EKG, prevention of heart tetany is from what?

Back 16

Slow Calcium channels (AKA Long absolute refractory period, AKA Plateaus)

Front 17

What characteristic of the heart allows it to beat on its own?

Back 17

Autorhythmicity (AKA automatic conductivity)

Front 18

Autorhythmicity is AKA what?

Back 18

automatic conductivity

Front 19

Heart can beat on its own due to what?

Back 19

leaky NA channels

Front 20

By looking at an EKG, what signifies a primary heart block?

Back 20

elongated PR interval

Front 21

What is Winkbocks phenomena?

Back 21

secondary heart block. Elongation of PR interval until the atria have contracted twice

Front 22

By looking at an EKG, how can you tell a complete block?

Back 22

no relationship between P and QRS. (all random)

Front 23

What is the m/c/c of CHF?
2nd m/c/c?

Back 23

Essential hypertension (35-55). 2nd = aortic stenosis

Front 24

What happens when blood backs up in the left ventricle?

Back 24

ventricular hypertrophy

Front 25

What happens when blood backs up into left atrium and the lungs?

Back 25

pulmonary edema/hypertension. Exertional dyspnea (difficulty breathing on mild exertion)

Front 26

What is the m/c/c of R sided heart failure?

Back 26

L-sided heart failure

Front 27

Is it possible to have isolated R-sided heart failure? (not as a result from L-sided failure)

Back 27

Yes. It's called Cor Pulmonale. Must result from a lung condition (emphysema, pnewumonia, etc.)

Front 28

What is isolated R-sided heart failure known as?

Back 28

Cor Pulmonale

Front 29

How can you tell when you have blood backed up into the SVC?

Back 29

pulsation of the jugular veins

Front 30

How can you tell when you have blood backed up into the IVC?

Back 30

Blood backs up into legs and liver

Front 31

What happens when blood backs up into the internal iliacs?

Back 31

it will eventually go to the pudendal area, and you will get the "bag of worms" (varicocele)

Front 32

What happens when blood backs up into the external iliacs?

Back 32

eventually backs up in the femoral vein and then the Great saphenous vein on the medial side of the foot, or the small/lesser saphenous on the lateral side of the foot

Front 33

What vein is the longest vein and used for coronary bypass?

Back 33

great saphenous

Front 34

What is the sign of early stages of CHF?

Back 34

Exertional dyspnea (difficulty breathing with mild exertion)

Front 35

What is the sign of later stages of CHF?

Back 35

pitting edema of legs (greater and lesser saphenous veins)

Front 36

When blood gets backed up into the liver, it can cause _____

Back 36

ascites

Front 37

The portal vein is made up of what 2 veins?

Back 37

Superior Mesenteric and Splenic (AKA LINEAL)

Front 38

What is the Splenic vein AKA?

Back 38

Lineal vein

Front 39

m/c/c of liver failure

Back 39

alcoholism

Front 40

Alcoholism can lead to what syndrome?

Back 40

Mallory-Weiss

Front 41

What is the 1st heard sound?

Back 41

AV valves closing

Front 42

What is the 2nd heart sound?

Back 42

semilunars closing

Front 43

What is the 3rd heart sound? What person is it ok to hear this on?

Back 43

ventricular filling (AKA ventricular gallop). Normal in children; abnormal in adults

Front 44

What is the 4th heart sound? What person is it ok to hear this on.

Back 44

atrial gallop. normal in atheletes, abnormal in others.

Front 45

During diastole, what regurgitation/stenosis are heard? What about in systole?

Back 45

ARMS & PRTS. AR (aortic regurgitation), MS (mitral stenosis), PR (pulmonic regurgitation), TS (tricuspid stenosis). ***FLIP 2nd WORD FOR SYSTOLE!!

Front 46

What is the largest layer of a blood vessel?

Back 46

tunica muscularis (...because of muscle)

Front 47

What blood vessels irrigate other blood vessels?

Back 47

vaso vasorum

Front 48

For blood vessels, greatest pressure in ______. Greatest resistance in _____. Greatest cross sectional area in _____.

Back 48

Largest artery
arterioles
capillaries

Front 49

Coronary arteries dilate/constrict due to what?

Back 49

metabolic demand. NOT SYMPATHETICS

Front 50

Universal donor? Universal recipient?

Back 50

O; AB

Front 51

Carotid sinus afferent/efferent?

Back 51

CN9/10

Front 52

What are the 4 things that happen in Tetrology of Fallot?

Back 52

DRIP:
1. Dextropostion of Aorta (comes off right ventricle so deoxygenated blood gets pumped through the body)
2. Right ventricular hypertrophy
3. Interventricular septal defect
4. Pulmonary stenosis

Front 53

What are the 3 signs of Marfan's syndrome?

Back 53

1. heart defects, dissecting aneurysm
2. subluxation of lens of eye, tall stature
3. long spider-like fingers (arachnodactaly)

Front 54

What valve is destroyed by Rheumatic fever?

Back 54

Mitral

Front 55

Describe Rheumatic fever. (4 key points)

Back 55

1. strep pyogenes
2. makes Aschoff bodies
3. affects mitral valve
4. Group A, B-Hemolytic strep

Front 56

m/c benign tumor of the heart?

Back 56

myxoma