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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the pharynx communicates with 7 cavities in the head:
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2 nasal cavities (choanae)
1 oral cavity (fossae) 1 espohagus 1 larynx 2 tympanic cavity (auditory tubes) |
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there are 3 pharyngeal constrictor mm.
I/O A & N |
superior, middle, posterior pharyngeal constrictor mm
I: median raphe of pharynx A: constrict pharynx while swallowing N: vagus n. (X) |
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Stylopharyngeus m.
OIAN |
O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: passes between the superior and middle constrictors and inserts on the thyroid cartilage A: elevates pharynx N: glossopharyngeal n. (IX) |
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Salpingopharyngeus m.
OIAN |
O: posterior portion of the auditory tube
I: blends in with the fibers of the palatopharyngeus and constrictor mm. A: elevates pharynx N: vagus (X) |
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Palatopharyngeus m.
OIAN |
O: posterior part of hard palate, soft palate
I: blends with musculature of pharynx and inserts on thyroid cartilage A: elevates pharynx N: vagus (X) |
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name the 3 mm's that originate on the styloid process of the temporal bone
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stylohyoid, stylopharyngeus, and styloglossus mm.
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the superior, middle, and inferior portions of the pharynx have different innervations. name what innervated them.
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1) superior: branches of maxillary division of trigeminal n. (V2)
2) middle: glossopharyngeal n. (IX) 3) inferior: vagus (X) |
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5 branches from 3 main arteries supply the pharynx, name them.
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1) external carotid: ascending pharyngeal
2) maxillary: descending palatine and pharyngeal aa. 3) facial: ascending palatine and tonsillar aa. |
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name the 3 divisions of the pharynx
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nasopharynx
oropharynx laryngopharynx |
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what division of the pharynx contains the following:
pharyngeal ostium of the auditory tube, torus tubarius, salpingopharyngeal fold, salpingopalatine fold, torus levatorius, pharyngeal recess, pharyngeal tonsil, tubal tonsil |
nasopharynx
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which division of the pharynx contains the following: pharyngeal isthmus, fauces, palatopharyngeal arch, palatoglossal arch, epiglotic valleculae, palatine tonsil, tubal tonsil
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oropharynx
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which division of the pharynx can be described as follows:
superior boundary: epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds; contains the piriform recess |
laryngopharynx
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CC: Adenoids-
Adenoids refer to enlarged ______ or _______ tonsils |
pharyngeal or tubal
they can obstruct the nasal pharynx and cause difficulty breathing. If they obstruct the auditory tube--> hearing loss |
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CC: Waldeyer's ring: circular (hexagonal) arrangement of tonsils
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superior = pharyngeal tonsil
superiolateral = tubal tonsils (2) inferiolateral = palatine tonsils (2) inferior = lingual tonsil |
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CC: mechanisms and mm involved in swallowing:
1) pharyngeal isthmus closed by soft palate via 2 mm (A & B), 2) the pharynx is raised by 3 muscles (C, D, & E), 3) the tongue forces food back, 4) 4 muscles that raise the hyoid and depresses the mandible (F, G, H, & I) 5) contraction of a set of mm (J) brings the bolus down the pharynx |
A: tensor veli palatini m. (V3)
B: levator veli palatini m. (X) C: stylopharyngeus m. (IX) D: salpingopharyngues m. (X) E: palatopharyngeus m. (X) F: digastric m. (ant- V3, post- VII) G: myolohyoid m. (V3) H: Geniohyoid m. (C1) I: stylohyoid m (VII) J: pharyngeal constrictor mm (X) |
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CC: middle ear infections in kids
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in children, the angle of the auditory tube allows ingested fluids to travel more easily into the middle ear
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geniohyoid m.
OIAN |
O: inferior genial tubercules (mental spines) of mandible near mental symphysis
I: hyoid bone A: elevates hyoid and brings it fwd N: C1 coursing with the hypoglossal n. (XII) |
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stylohyoid m.
OIAN |
O: styloid process of the temporal bone
I: hyoid bone A: raises the hyoid N: facial n. (VII) |
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mylohyoid m.
(review OIAN) |
O: mylohyoid line of mandible
I: median raphe and hyoid bone A: elevates hyoid, floor of mouth, and tongue N: mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar n, (V3) |
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diagastric m.
(review OIAN) |
O: ant. belly: digastric fossa of mandible
post. belly: mastoid notch of temporal bone I: hyoid bone A: ant: elevates and steadies hyoid; depresses mandible post: elevate hyoid N: ant: mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar n, (V3) post: facial n. (VII) |
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name the 2 glands in the submandibular region
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submandibular and sublingual gland
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what is the name of the space in the oral cavity between the lips/cheek & the teeth/gums where the parotid glans opens into
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the vestibule
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which cavity contains the following:
frenulum of tongue, sublingual folds, sublingual caruncles, palatoglossal arch, palatopharyngeal arch, uvula |
the oral cavity
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permanent teeth
first appear? how many? |
first ~6 y.o.
32 total |
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Deciduous teeth
first appear? how many? |
first: 6-9 mo.
20 total |
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what nn. and aa. supply the teeth?
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superior (V2) and inferior alveolar (V3) nn. and aa.
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salivary glands of oral cavity
location? opens? duct? |
submandibular located deep to mandible, superficial to hypoglossus; LONG DUCT course anteriorly deep to lingual n. (V3); OPENS at sublingual caruncle
sublingual located deep to mylohyoid m.; SHORT DUCTS opens into oral cavity on sublingual fold |
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sympathetic vs. parasympathetic innervation of salivary glands sublingual/submandibular & parotid:
-vasoconstrictor or secretomotor? -ganglion? |
sympathetic (all glands)
-vasoconstrictor -ganglion: superior cervical ganglion parasympathetic: -secretomotor -ganglion to sub's: submandibular ganglion -ganglion t parotid: otic ganglion |
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on what structure are the following found:
-fungiform, filiform papillae -circumvalate papillae -median sulcus -sulcus terminalis -foramen cecum -median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds -epiglottal valleculae |
the tongue :-P
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what is the embryological significance of the foramen cecum of the tongue?
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the thyroid descends from here
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Anterior 2/3 of tongue:
-general sensory innervation? -special sensory innervation? -embryonic origin? |
-gen. sensory: lingual n. (V3)
-spe. sensory: chorda tympani (from CN VII) merges with lingual n. (V3) -emb origin: 1st pharyngeal arch |
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Posterior 1/3 of tongue:
-general sensory innervation? -special sensory innervation? -embryonic origin? |
-gen. sensory: glossopharyngeal n. (IX)
-spe. sensory: glossopharyngeal n. (IX) -emb origin: 3rd pharyngeal arch |
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Epiglottic valleculae:
-general sensory innervation? -special sensory innervation? -embryonic origin? |
-gen. sensroy: vagus n. (X)
-spe. sensory: vagun n. (X) -emb origin: 4th pharyngeal arch |
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there are 3 intrinsic mm of the tongue, what are they and what do they do?
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longitudinal, transverse, and vertical
alter shape of tongue |
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name the 3 extrinsic mm of the tongue
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1) hyoglossus m.
2) genioglossus m. 3) styloglossus m. |
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genioglossus m.
OIAN |
O: genial tubercle of mandible
I: body of hyoid, ventral surface of tongue A: protrudes, retracts, and depresses tongue N: hypoglossal n. (XII) ***fan-shaped mm of tongue*** |
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hyoglossus m.
OIAN |
O: body and greater cornu of hyoid
I: sides of tongue A: depress and draw tongue laterally N: hypoglossal n. (XII) |
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styloglossus m.
OIAN |
O: styloid process
I: sides of tongue A: retract and elevate tongue N: hypoglossal n. (XII) |
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trace arterial supply to the tongue from the external cartoid artery to the 2 terminal branches
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external carotid a.--> lingual a. --> dorsal lingual --> deep lingual and sublingual aa's
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