Z-Nutrition Unit 5 Vitamins & Minerals

Front 1

Give two examples of fat soluble vitamins

Back 1

A & D

Front 2

Do we have deficiency problems with fat soluble vitamins?

Back 2

No we store them easily

Front 3

What form of vitamin A is the preform? the active form?

Back 3

Retinol

Front 4

What form of vitamin a is a precusor and needs to be altered?

Back 4

beta carotinoid

Front 5

What causes macrocytic anemia?

Back 5

lack of folate

Front 6

What do the blood cell divisions look like in macrocytic anemia?

Back 6

one less division, so you get half the cells...they are large

Front 7

What things provide vitamin a in the retinol form?

Back 7

cow things, animal things...cheese, milk, eggs, meat

Front 8

Retinol is preformed....it comes in as retinol and put right into....

Back 8

...chylomicron

Front 9

Beta carotine has to be changed before we put it in teh chylomicron. Why can we not over load with it?

Back 9

Because to change it, we use an enzyme and we are limited with this enzyme

Front 10

90% of preformed vitamin a (retinol) is stored where?

Back 10

Liver....so eating liver could be toxic

Front 11

What are the forms we use Vitamin A in?

Back 11

Retinal & retinoic acid

Front 12

Which specific vitamin works with the eyes?

Back 12

retinol...vitamin A
Everything else is retinolic acid

Front 13

What does vitamin A do to cells?

Back 13

help differentiate cells

Front 14

what is xyroxthalomy? what vitamin is it related to?

Back 14

dry eye syndrome b/c cells didn't differentiate because of lack of vitamin a

Front 15

what problem happens with elderly with lack of vitamin a?

Back 15

macular degeneration

Front 16

With lack of vitamin a, why does the skin and digestive system crack?

Back 16

differentiation with epitheliation doesn't happen

Front 17

What is the toxicity level of Vitamin A?

Back 17

100X the RDA in one dose?

Front 18

Other than being fat soluble, what other word can describe vitamin A?

Back 18

antioxidant

Front 19

What is Vitamin D necessary for?

Back 19

calcium binding protein

Front 20

If calcium levels in body are low, vitamin D helps us absorb more calcium three ways...

Back 20

1. From our Diet
2. Reabsorb more calcium from kidney nephron
3. Helps to reabsorb calcium from bone

Front 21

What is Vitamin D acting like when it helps us encourage absorption of calcium?

Back 21

like a hormone

Front 22

What is problem in Rickets?

Back 22

Lack of vitamin d causes softening of bones in adults b/c we can't absorb the calcium to build our bones

Front 23

Best source of Vitamin D

Back 23

milk

Front 24

Can Vitamin d be toxic?

Back 24

Yes. you can get hypercalcification in soft tissues (kidney stones)

Front 25

What is Vitamin E best known for?

Back 25

an antioxidant...functions for cardiovascular disease from fats that are oxidizied

Front 26

What are the Antioxidant vitamins?

Back 26

A,C,E, selenium, phytochemicals

Front 27

What is Vitamin E necessary for?

Back 27

immune functions & nerves

Front 28

Do we see Vitamin E deficiency in US?

Back 28

Hard to make someone deficient in Vitamin E, but if you have malabsorption of fat deficiency then you might see it.

Front 29

What kind of vitamin is Vit E?

Back 29

fat soluble
antioxidant

Front 30

What does Vitamin E have to do with babies?

Back 30

Vitamin E shot given to premies, b/c it doesn't cross the placenta

Front 31

What kind of anemia does lack of vitamin E cause?

Back 31

hemolytic anemia

Front 32

What is problem with cooking with Vitamin E?

Back 32

High heat kills it...french fries

Front 33

What is the phrase to know about Vitamin K?

Back 33

...blood clotting vitamin

Front 34

What is dependant on the availabiltiy of Vitamin K?

Back 34

blood clot cascade is dependant on vitamin K and calcium

Front 35

Do we see a lot of deficiencies of Vitamin K?

Back 35

No, they are rare, but if there is a lipid malabsorption problem, then you might see it.

Front 36

What is a good source of Vitamin K?

Back 36

green leafy vitamins

Front 37

What is a non food source of Vitamin K ?

Back 37

We can make it in our bodies...in our intestines

Front 38

What is the relationship with babies and Vitamin K?

Back 38

does not cross the placenta, so they give the baby a shot of vitamin K at birth to make clotting factor. All babies get it.

Front 39

Do we see toxicity with Vitamin K?

Back 39

rare, but can happen with pills...so we don't sell Vitamin K pills

Front 40

What kind of vitamin is Vitamin K?

Back 40

fat soluble

Front 41

What are the fat soluble vitamin?

Back 41

ADEKa

Front 42

What is problem with beriberi?

Back 42

Lack of vitamin B1...thiamin....nerve damage lack of energy to nerve affects heart function, mental confusion. Not affecting us, but with Weirniski korsakoff syndrome...alcohol problem

Front 43

What is a good source of thaimin?

Back 43

Pork

Front 44

What is problem with having a pork chop for dinner if you are looking to have Thiamin, B1?

Back 44

Heat destroys it, so you have to cook it low and slow and long

Front 45

Is there a toxicity with B1?

Back 45

No

Front 46

What do we use Riboflavin B2 for?

Back 46

To make energy from CHO F P

Front 47

What are the problems with a deficiency of Niacin? B1?

Back 47

The three D's...dementia....dermatitis....diarrhea

Front 48

Why are the three d's the problems with lack of Niacin, B1?

Back 48

b/c not making enough energy and we don't have enough so these are high requirement areas with high turn over.

Front 49

What allows us to make Niacin?

Back 49

tryptophan

Front 50

Where did we find a deficiency in US with Niacin?

Back 50

deep south, with diet of cornmeal, fat back and molasses. Corn has not tryptophan that allows us to make Niacin

Front 51

What is the biggest problem with water soluble vitamins?

Back 51

Getting them in our body...

Front 52

What should you make sure you do when you cook water soluble vitamins?

Back 52

cook in as little of water as possible preferrably steam them because vitamins leak out in the water

Front 53

What is the key word that describes how B vitamins work?

Back 53

co-enzymes

Front 54

In order to change pyruvate into acetylco-a, what three vitamins/minerals do you need?

Back 54

Biotin
Thiamin
Panothynic Acid

Front 55

What is another name for Vitamin C?

Back 55

Asorbic Acid

Front 56

What is another word to describe how Vitamin C works?

Back 56

co-enzyme

Front 57

What is the RDA for Vitamin C for a woman?

Back 57

75mg

Front 58

What is teh RDA for Vitamin C for a male?

Back 58

90mg

Front 59

What do you add to the RDA for Vitamin C if you are a smoker?

Back 59

35mg

Front 60

What is the upper limit for intake of Vitamin C?

Back 60

2000mg

Front 61

Describe the absorption of Vitamin C

Back 61

We absorb the first 100mg then we only absorb 25%

Front 62

Deficiency in Vitamin C causes the skin to...

Back 62

break down and have pinpoint hemorrhages

Front 63

What amount of Vitamin C do we need to protect us from scurvy?

Back 63

10mg/day

Front 64

What does Vitamin C do to our watery fluid?

Back 64

Protects them. For a healthy immune response

Front 65

Vitamin C and Iron. What is the relationship?

Back 65

Vitamin C enhances our absorption of Iron

Front 66

Vitamin C and Vitamin E

What is the relationship?

Back 66

Vitamin C restores Vitamin E to preoxidative state.

Front 67

Who does Vitamin E protect?

Back 67

A

Front 68

Who does Vitamin C protect?

Back 68

E

Front 69

Excess vitamin c could lead to this incorrect lab analysis of your blood

Back 69

positive glucose test

Front 70

Who inspects water?

Back 70

EPA

Front 71

Who inspects well water?
Who inspects bottled water?

Back 71

department of health, if you call them

no one if it doesn't cross state lines

Front 72

What mineral is the most abundant in our body?

Back 72

calcium

Front 73

What does Calcium enhance the absorption of?

Back 73

Vitamin D (b/c it makes a calcium binding protein)

Front 74

What rate is calcium absorbed as adults?

as children?

Back 74

30% as adults

75% as children

Front 75

What two things would decrease calcium absorption?

Back 75

oxilates (compound that binds the calcium

phosphorus (if it is high in blood, then we don't absorb calcium)

Front 76

What stops the reabsorption from bone? (a hormone)

Back 76

Calcatonin

Front 77

What hormone in women stops the reabsorption from bone?

Back 77

estrogen

Front 78

If blood calcium drops, what does pth do?

Back 78

increases absorption from diet

secretes less from kidney

reabsorbs from bones

Front 79

Who is the bone breaker?

Back 79

PTH parathyroid hormone

Front 80

Who is the bone make?

Back 80

calcitonin

Front 81

What cycle needs calcium?

Back 81

visual cycle

Front 82

What is calcium's role with muscles?

Back 82

necessary for muscle contraction and relaxation. Tetany is too much calcium

Front 83

What does calcium do to the cardiovascular department?

Back 83

raises blood pressure

Front 84

Who stimulates the osteoclasts? what do the osteoclasts do?

Back 84

PTH, they break bone

Front 85

Where is type 1 osteoporosis affecting?

Back 85

tribecular bones wrists, vertebrae

Front 86

Where is type two osteoporosis affecting?

Back 86

all bones. this is elderly one.

Front 87

What is the only known function of iodine?

Back 87

to make thyroxine in thyroid gland

Front 88

How is iron absorbed?

Back 88

poorly

Front 89

Which iron Meat or Veg/Grain is more readily absorbed?

Back 89

Meat

Front 90

What is hemochromotosis?

Back 90

genetically inherited disease. Baby can't escrete iron & it gets toxic.

Front 91

What really in simple terms is the visual cycle?

Back 91

How we use Vitamin A to see

Front 92

What vitamin do we use up in every cycle of the Visual cycle? (we need to have a continual source of it)

Back 92

Vitamin A

Front 93

List the vitamins and minerals that are needed for the VISUAL CYCLE.

Back 93

Vitamin A

Niacin

calcium

Front 94

What do we start the SYNTHESIS OF VITAMIN D with?

Back 94

Acetyl co-a

Front 95

Where do we finish the job of making Vitamin D in our skin?

Back 95

The Kidney

Front 96

What stimulates us to make Vitamin D in our skin?

Back 96

PTH

Front 97

So the pathway for making Vitamin D starts in the skin, ends in the kidney, and has a midway point in the ____________.

Back 97

Liver

Front 98

What is necessary for the liver to change vitamin D?

Back 98

Niacin

Front 99

The blood clotting cascade is dependant on Vitamin _____.

Back 99

K and also on Ca

Front 100

Vitamin E also works as a _______________.

Back 100

antioxidant

Front 101

A lack of Vitamin ____ can cause nerve damage.

Back 101

B12

Front 102

Other than preventing nerve damage, what other function does vitamin b12 have in the body?

Back 102

changes inactive to active form

Front 103

We need sufficient folate to make _______.

Back 103

DNA

Front 104

I cause the first break in epithelial cell in artery that starts plaque build up.

Back 104

Homocysteine...a by product of eating meat

Front 105

Having ______ helps to get homocysteine out of your body because it changes THF -CH3 to THF

Back 105

B12

Front 106

Hemolytic anemia is caused from a lack of __________.

Back 106

babies...they get a shot of vitamin E

Front 107

Macrocytic anemia is caused from a lack of __________.

Back 107

Folate or B12

Front 108

Microcytic anemia is caused from a lack of

Back 108

Iron deficiency

Front 109

why do babies get a shot of Vitamin k at birth?

Back 109

clotting factor

Front 110

lack of vitamin c causes the breakdown of

Back 110

collagen

Front 111

what vitamin helps to make amino acids?

Back 111

b6

Front 112

Who is folate's best friend?

Back 112

b12

Front 113

List the b vitamin other names

Back 113

thiamin
riboflavin
niacin
b6
b12