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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Rabbits are not rodents - what are they?
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Lagomorphs
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What are 3 uses of rabbits?
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Commercial (meat, fur), research, pets
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When does molting occur in rabbits?
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fall
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What tooth feature differentiates rabbits from rodents?
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Top incisors include 2 front teeth and 2 peg teeth
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What are night stools in rabbits?
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Soft feces passed in the night which the rabbit eats directly from the anus.
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If a owner sees the night/cecal stools what maybe wrong?
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Rabbit may be sick
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Why is it so important to support the back when handling a rabbit?
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They can luxate the spine with their powerful kicking
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How should you place a rabbit in a cage? Why?
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Place hind in first to avoid injury.
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What might a rabbit do if mad or defensive?
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Thump back legs
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Do rabbits eat a lot or a little?
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They are designed to eat large volumes of food
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What kinds of foods should a rabbit receive daily?
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high fiber rabbit pellets, fresh greens, free choice grass hay, small amounts of fresh fruits
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What kind of hay should you avoid feeding a rabbit? Why?
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Alfalfa - too much calcium
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Do rabbits pee a lot or a little?
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They produce large amounts of urine
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What is unique about the rabbits estrus cycle?
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They are induced ovulators
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What is a female rabbit called? Male? Baby?
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Doe, buck, kit
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In rabbits, parturition is also called what?
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Kindling
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What is a unique sign of approaching parturition in rabbits?
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Fur pulling (from dewlap) for nest during the last 3-4 days of pregnancy
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What is a unique thing that could happen during rabbit parturition?
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Split parturition - babies can be born up to 3 days apart
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In rabbits, the doe has no _____ instinct which means that she will not replace wandering young.
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retrieving
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In rabbits, how often does the doe nurse young?
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2x/day for 5-10 minutes - this small amount often makes clients think that doe is neglecting the babies
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Pseudopregnancy is also called what?
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False pregnancy
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Where are bleeding locations in a rabbit?
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marginal ear vein, central ear artery ( auricular artery), jugular, cephalic, lateral saphenous, vena cava
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What can rabbits do to the auricular artery that can make the draw difficult?
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They can vasoconstrict it - may need to give a sm amt of Ace before the draw to promote vasodilation
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What do you need to remember about holding off when drawing from the auricular artery in rabbits?
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This is an artery so you need to hold off longer - 30-40 seconds
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What feature of a rabbit could make a jugular blood draw difficult?
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Large dewlap
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Why might a lateral saphenous draw be difficult in a rabbit?
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They do not like lying on their sides - may be done in a rabbit too sick to put up a fight
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What sites are recommended for IM injections in rabbits?
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lumbar recommended, possibly quads
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What IM sites should be avoided in rabbits? Why?
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semimembranosus, semitendonosus, and biceps femoris - sciatic nerve damage causes rabbits to chew off their toes and worse
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In rabbits, foods should be withheld 2-4 hours before anesthesia because they do not have the ability to what?
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Vomit
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Sick rabbits are a high _____ risk
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anesthetic
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What are some dz conditions of rabbits? Most commom?
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back injuries, heatstroke, malocclusion, hair balls, enteritis (most common)
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What are some internal parasites found in rabbits?
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Coccidia, Pinworms
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What are some external parasites found in rabbits?
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Fleas, ear mites, cheylitiella, cuterebra warbles, rabbit syphilis
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What rabbit external parasite could call for surgical removal?
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Cuterebra warbles
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In rabbits, most abscesses are caused by what?
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Pasturella species
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"Snuffles" an upper respiratory dz in rabbits, is caused by what?
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Pasturella multicoda
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In rabbits, how is snuffles xmitted?
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fomites, direct contact, aerosol
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What rabbit dx condition is characterized by purulent exudate present deep in the ear canal?
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Otitis Media
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What are some signs of an ear infection (Otitis Media) in rabbits?
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asymptomatic, rhinitis, scratching at ears, ataxia, nystagmus (eye "click")
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In rabbits, hypercalciuria is often caused by what?
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alfalfa hay
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What dx condition are rabbits, esp obese rabbits, prone to?
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bladder stones
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What animal has been used as a working animal since 4 BC in some countries?
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ferrets
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What other animals are in the same family as ferrets?
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weasels, mink, badgers, and skunk
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Why is it important to check state and city regulations before getting a ferret as a pet?
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They are illegal in some areas
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What are some uses for ferrets?
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hunters, pets, research (human influenza)
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Are ferret claws retractable?
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No
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Why does descenting not work in ferrets?
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The odor is caused by sebaceous secretions of the skin, not entirely by the anal glands
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When do ferrets molt?
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Spring & fall
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In ferrets, their eyesight is only good at ____ distances.
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Short, they are most visually aware of rapid movements
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Ferrets depend heavily on what two senses?
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hearing and smell
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Ferrets sleep about ______% of the time
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70-75% - like to sleep in heaps or in rags or towels
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All ferrets are born what color? When to they get their true color?
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All born light colored, get their true colors at 3 wks of age
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Why are glass tanks not suitable housing for ferrets?
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lack of ventilation
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What environment temps can a ferret not tolerate?
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Greater than 90 degrees or lower than 20 degrees
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What should you keep in mind when trying to litterbox train a ferret?
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They have a shorts GI transit time (3-4 hours), so it is important to have multiple boxes
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What should be done to ferret proof a home?
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block off holes, cover underside of furniture w/ wood to prevent burrowing, pick up objects such as rubber bands, twist ties, etc.
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Why shouldn't you house ferrets next to rabbits or other rodents?
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The ferret's odor can cause panic in the other animals
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Why should you not bathe a ferret more than once a month?
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Strips skin of oil and could cause puritits
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Are ferrets carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores?
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carnivores
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What kinds of food should you feed a ferrret?
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Ferret chow or high qual kitten chow is best, but fresh meat and egg yolks could be fed
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What kind of treats should you give a ferret?
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fresh meat scraps, meat baby food, liver or fish cat treats
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Why is a hairball remedy given to a ferret?
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Used as a supplement for nutrition
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Are ferrets easy to restrain? How should it be done?
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Hard to restrain! Scruff by neck or armpits and lift feet off of table - they usually relax
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What part of a PE do ferrets HATE?
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Have temp taken - do that first
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How often should ferrets have a vet exam?
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Anually until age four and then 2x/yr (considered geriatric after four and increased occurrence of neoplasia and metabolic dz)
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What are common vax for ferrets?
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Rabies and distemper
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Are ferrets induced or spontaneous ovulators? Continuously or seasonally polyestrus?
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induced, seasonally
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What are the names for female, male, and baby ferrets?
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jill, hob, and kits
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When do ferrets reach puberty?
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4-8 months of age
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What is the gestation length of ferrets?
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41-42 days
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What are some sites for blood draws in ferrets?
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lateral saphenous, cephalic, jugular, anterior vena cava - ferrets usually need to be sedated for draws
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What is removed when descenting a ferret?
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Anal glands - doesn't truly descent them, however
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In relation to anesthesia in ferrets, food can safely be witheld for __ hours prior to, but not for more than __ hours
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Up to 4, no more than 6
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What are some signs of canine distemper in ferrets?
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URI, lesions around mouth & chin, seizures, anorexia, depression, death
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How is canine distemper xmitted to/by ferrets?
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Aerosol, direct contact (nasal/eye fluids, urine, feces, skin, fomites)
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What is the tx and prognosis of canine distemper in ferrets?
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No tx, supportive care is euth not possible - prognosis is guarded and is typically fatal
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What ferret dz is zoonotic?
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Human influenza
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What are some signs of human influenza in ferrets?
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sneezing, watery eyes/conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, lethargy, enteritis, anorexia
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How is human influenza xmitted to/by ferrets?
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aerosol, owner to ferret, ferret to ferret, ferret to owner
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What is the prognosis and tx for human influenza in ferrets?
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Prognosis is good, tx - eat and fluids, antihistamines, antiviral drugs, ABs to tx secondary bacterial infections
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What are some internal parasites that ferrets could have?
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coccidia, giardia, cryptosporidium
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What species of ear mites do ferrets get?
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Otodectes cyanotis - can affect dogs and cats
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What is common name of Sarcoptes scabei?
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Sarcoptic mange
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What are some signs of sarcoptic mange in ferrets?
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alopecia, puritis, feet affected in localized form - inflammation, swollen, crusty
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What fungal dz can ferrets get?
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Ringworm - ZOONOTIC
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Can ferrets get heartworm?
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Yes - and due to their small size, one adult heartworm can be fatal
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What are some signs of heartworm in ferrets?
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lethargy, coughing, dyspnea, and ascities
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In general, how to benign v. malignant tumors present?
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Benign - in a ball/contained, malignant - fingers out to other parts
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What factors may predispose a ferret to cancer?
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genetics, early neutering, natural photoperiod not obtained, diet, infectious agents
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What kinds of cancers can affect ferrets?
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Lymphomas, mast cell tumors
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What endocrine/hormone disorders can affect ferrets?
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Hyperestrogenism, hyperadrenocortism, insulinoma
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What causes hyperestrogenism in ferrets?
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continual heat - female not spayed or bred
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What causes hyperadrenocortism in ferrets? What dz is this in humans?
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Cushings in humans. Caused by glucocorticoids/cortisol secreted by an adrenal gland tumor.
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What causes insulinoma in ferrets? What does animal look like when they have this?
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Caused by pancreatic tumors, they look drunk
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What rodent are we studying that originated in the Andes Mountains of South America?
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Chinchillas
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What kinds of reasearch studies are chinchillas used for?
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Auditory, ENT - noise exposure and ototoxicity, hearing sensitivity similar to humans
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What are chinchillas used for?
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Pets, furs, research
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What is the lifespan of a chinchilla?
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Avg is 10 years - can live up to 20
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All chinchilla teeth are open rooted - what is unique about the incisors?
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Can grow 2-3 inches a year
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What are some behavior charateristics of chinchillas?
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Quiet, shy, agile, pets active during the day but naturally more nocturnal, odorless, corprophagic
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What is the primary defense mechanism of a chinchilla?
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Flight
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Why should you never try and grab a racing chinchilla?
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Patches of hair and skin can slip off - "fur-slip"
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What is a unique characteristic of chinchilla pellets as compared to other rodent pellets?
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Longer which makes it easier for them to hold in their forepaws
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Why are small tree branches and pumice stones given to chinchillas?
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As gnawing objects to help wear down teeth
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What kind of tree branches are toxic to chinchillas?
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Cedar, plum, redwood, and cherry
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What features should a chinchilla cage have?
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mulit-level, hide box, tubes, wire-mesh construction, dry (less than 50% humidity), cool (50-68 degrees)
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What kind of bath should be provided to a chinchilla daily?
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dust bath - commercially available, removes dirt & oil from coat
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When do chinchillas reach puberty?
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8 months of age
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What type of estrus cycle do chinchillas have?
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seasonally polyestrus, spontaneous ovulators
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Which is larger, male or female chinchilla?
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female
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Do male chinchillas have a scrotum?
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No, testicles are located in the inguinal canal area
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When is the breeding season in chinchillas?
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Nov-May
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What is the gestation length of chinchillas?
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111 days
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Are chinchilla newborns precocious or atricial?
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precocious
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Blood draws on chinchillas are difficult - name some sites to try
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nail clip, jugular, cephalic, saphenous, vena cava, femoral, cardiac(terminal)
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Dz conditions of chinchillas?
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Conjunctivitis, bite wounds, internal parasites, constipation, diarrhea, fur-ring, heatstroke
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What are two common causes of conjunctivitis in chinchillas?
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excessive dust bathing and poor husbandry/contaminated water
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What is a common reason for chinchillas to visit the vet?
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Constipation
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What are some causes of constipation in chinchillas? Tx?
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High protein diet w/o adequate roughage, obesity, intestinal obstruction - tx, increase fiber in diet
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What are characteristics of sm bowel v. lg bowel diarrhea?
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Sm - lg amounts, less freq, bad odor. Lg - sm amounts, more frequent, may contain sm amts of mucous or frank blood.
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What are some causes of diarrhea in chinchillas?
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improper feeding, stress, bacterial or parasitic infestation
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What is a fur-ring in chinchillas?
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A ring of hair around the penis & prepuce that eventually stops the penis from retracting into the prepuce
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Temp over 80 degrees can cause what in chinchillas?
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Heatstroke
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