Z Comp Review - Parasitology

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COMP REVIEW - Parasitology

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COMP REVIEW - parasitology

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hookworm

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Ancylostoma caninum

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whipworm

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Trichuris vulpis

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lungworm in cats

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Capillaria aerophilia

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heartworm

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Dirofilaria immitis

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coccidia

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Isospora

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roundworm in dogs

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Toxocara canis

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tapeworm in dogs and cats

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Taenia pisiformis

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flea

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Ctenocephalides

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deer tick

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Ixodes dammini

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lice

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Trichodectes

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sarcoptic mange

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Sarcoptes scabei

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ear mite

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Otodectes

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walking dandruff

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Cheyletiella

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scaley leg mite

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Cnemidocoptes

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roundworm in horses

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Parascaris equorum

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stomach worm in large animals

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Habronema muscae

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lungworm in large animals

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Dictyocaulus

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bots

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Gastrophilus

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barber-pole worm in lg animals

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Haemonchus contortis

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kidney worm in pigs

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Stephanurus dentatus

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Why do fecal foats often reveal rounds and hooks in puppies and kittens

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Eggs are passed in the feces (have been ingested) and can lay dormant in mother for a long time. Babies get them from mother. Eggs float and thus show up on fecal

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What does an adult roundworm look like?

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spaghetti

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What does a tapeworm look like? An individual segment?

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Adult - connected segs, segs look like grains of rice.

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If you find Dipylidium segs in a stool sample, what other parasite might be found on this patient?

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Fleas - Dipylidium is flea tapeworm

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What kind of parasite does Pyrantel pamoate control? Trade name?

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Strongid-T, Nemex
rounds & hooks

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What kind of parasite does Piperazine control? Trade name?

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Pipa-Tabs
roundworms

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What kind of parasite does Fenbendazole control? Trade name?

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Panacur
rounds, hooks, whips, Paragonimus, lungworm

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What kind of parasite does Praziquantel pamoate control? Trade name?

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Droncit
cestodes (tapes)

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What kind of parasite does Metronidazole control? Trade name?

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Flagyl
Giardia

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What kind of parasite does sulfadimethoxine control? Trade name?

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Albon
coccidia

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What is visceral/ocular larval migrans? What causes it?

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An infection with the larval form of the parasite Toxocara(rounds), which can affect a person's eyes, lungs, liver, brain, and heart. Usully seen in young children

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What is cutaneous larval migrans?

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Also called creeping eruption, it is a skin rash caused by the migration of dog or cat hookworm larvae beneath the skin.

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Are roundworms zoonotic?

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Yes

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Are hookworms zoonotic?

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Yes

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Are whipworms zoonotic?

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No

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Are threadworms (strongyloides stercoralis) zoonotic?

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Yes

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Is Toxoplasma zoonotic?

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Yes

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Is cryptosporidium zoonotic?

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Yes

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Is giardia zoonotic?

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Yes

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Are tapeworms zoonotic?

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Echinococcus spp is and so is Diphyllobothrium. Not Taenia or Dipylidium, however.

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Can humans get fleas?

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Yes

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Can humans get lice from animals?

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No - species specific

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Is mange mite (sarcoptes) xmissible to humans?

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Yes

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Are ear mites xmissible to humans?

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Yes

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Is demodex xmissible to humans?

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No, humans have their own species

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Define parasite

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An organism that lives within, upon, or at the expense of another organism, known as he host.

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Define definitive host

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Where sexually mature form of the parasite is found

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Define intermediate host

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Supports the asexual form of the parasite & is necessary in the parasite's life cycle (i.e. heartworm has to have mosquito)

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Define paratenic host

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"transfer host" - carries of xfers the parasite, NOT reqd for the lifecycle of the parasite

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Define prepatent period

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time from initial infection until it can be found diagnostically

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Define an indirect life cycle

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has to have an intermediate host (i.e. - heartworm has to have mosquito)

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Define acariasis

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infestation with or disease caused by mites (cheyletiella, sarcoptes)

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Define pediculosis

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infestation w/ lice

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What is a nematode?

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Roundworms

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What is a cestode?

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segmented worms (tapes)

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What is a trematode?

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flat, unsegmented worms (flukes)

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What is a protozoan?

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single-celled parasite

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Define Anoplura

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sucking form of lice

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Define Mallophaga

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biting form of lice

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Name some flotation solutions (5)?

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sugar, sodium chloride (NaCl), Magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium nitrate

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What solution is necessary for a Giardia float?

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zinc sulfate

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What is described on a gross fecal exam (7)?

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presence of worms, mucus, bones/chips, consistency, odor, color, blood

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How long does the cover slip need to sit on a fecal float?

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10-20 minutes depending on solution

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What supplies are needed for a skin scraping? How is it done?

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scalpel blade, clippers, mineral oil, slide
Clip area, dip blade in oil or put oil on skin, scrape / blade perpendicular until small amt of capillary blood appears, place scrape debris into drop of mineral oil on slide and examine

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How is a Modified Knott's test performed?

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Mix blood w/ 2% formalin in centrifuge tube, spin for 5 mins, pour off liquid, stain the sediment, xfer a drop to a slide and examine for microfilariae

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What are some signs of heartworm dz?

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tires easily, soft productive cough, lethargy, wt. loss, decreased appetite - can be asymptomatic

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What are some trade names for Ivermectin? What is it? How freq is it given?

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Heartgard 30, Heartgard Plus, is a heartworm preventative -given monthly

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What are some trade names for Milbemycin? What is it? How often is it given? What else does it tx?

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Interceptor, Sentinel - monthly heartworm preventative, also treats rounds, hooks, and whips

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What are some trade names for Moxidectin? What is it?

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ProHeart & ProHeart6 (injectibile - recalled) Heartworm preventative

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What is the trade name for Selamectin? What is it, how is it administered?

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Revolution - once a month topical heartworm preventative

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What time of year should dogs be tested for heartworms?

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Spring

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Why should dogs be tested for heartworm before giving preventative?

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Preventative will do nothing for existing infestation, adverse inflammatory reaction if heartworm + dog given preventative

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Why should you do the more expensive antigen test rather than just the concentration test for heartworm?

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Antigen testing is the most sensitive dx test

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Why is a heartworm test done every year before starting prev?

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Possible that prev wasn't effective (product failure, lapse in dosing, etc) or there was an existing infestation that wasn't detected, adverse inflammatory reaction can occur if prev given to pos animal

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How is heartworm tx?

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Adulticide (Immiticide) tx, kill microfilaria, then preventive

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How do you prevent animals from getting fleas?

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Topical monthly spot-ons (Frontline, Advantage, Advantix), flea collars, wash bedding regularly, etc

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What should be done if a new pet is brought home and it is discovered that it has fleas?

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Tx all pets in household (shampoo, dip, powder, etc & preventative), treat house - fogger possibly, vaccuum entire house, wash all bedding & rugs, clean carriers/crates/cars & treat outside common areas