Youth In Conflict With The Law

Front 1

What is the "just desserts" model approach?

Back 1

Those who commit sins or break rules deserve to be punished.

Front 2

What is the amelioration approach?

Back 2

Involves the recognition that criminal acts have "causes" and that by addressing the causes, one can influence the likelihood of criminal behaviour occurring.

Front 3

What is "mens rea"?

Back 3

Latin tern for "guilty mind".

Front 4

What is culpability?

Back 4

Synonymous for blameworthiness. Accountability for one's actions.

Front 5

What is legal infant?

Back 5

Person under the age of 12 years, with limited ability to form criminal intent.

Front 6

What is "parens patriae"?

Back 6

Latin term meaning "parent of the country" used to denote the role of the state as guardians of underage and disabled persons.

Front 7

What are the two basic models of legislation relating to young people in conflict with the law?

Back 7

1) One focused on the punishment and due process.

2) One based on a social welfare model of youth justice.

Front 8

What is "juvenile delinquency'?

Back 8

Any child who violates any provision of the Criminal Code, or any Federal or Provincial statute, or who is guilty of sexual immorality or any similar form of vice, or who is liable for reason of any other act to be committed to an industrial school or reformatory under the provisions of any Federal or Provincial statute.

Front 9

What are the four objectives of the Young Offenders Act?

Back 9

1) Hold young people more accountable for their behaviour.
2) Provide greater protection to society from youthful offenders.
3) Recognize the need to temper the impact of criminal justice system on young people.
4) Protect the legal rights of young people.

Front 10

What is a status offence?

Back 10

An act that is considered to be an offence or crime that would not be an offence if committed by a person who was an adult.

Front 11

What are the key provisions of the Young Offenders Act?

Back 11

Age, Alternative Measures, Rights, and Dispositions.

Front 12

What are alternative measures?

Back 12

Non-judicial alternatives to dealing with young offenders.

Front 13

What is "open custody"?

Back 13

It is the removal of a young person from his/her home and placing them in a group home for a fixed length of time.

Front 14

What is "secure custody"?

Back 14

It is the act of placing a young person in a more restrictive facility with bars and electronic surveillance.

Front 15

What are the four main sources of crime information?

Back 15

1) Official statistics.
2) Self-report surveys.
3) Victimization surveys.
4) Residual category of other techniques.

Front 16

What is the "house of refuge"?

Back 16

They are an institutional response to a problem of juvenile crime that grew out of the juvenile sections of the English workhouses of the 16th and 17th centuries. They kept the youths separate from the adults and focused on hard work and discipline.

Front 17

What is an "unfounded crime"?

Back 17

It is a reported offence that did not take place or was determined to be not real crimes.

Front 18

Describe "crimes cleared".

Back 18

It is when an arrest takes place or the crime has been solved.

Front 19

What are "crimes known to police"?

Back 19

A count of all crimes that the police are aware of, whether solved or not.

Front 20

What are the "official statistics"?

Back 20

Information on crime collected by official agencies, such as the police, the courts, and the corrections system.

Front 21

The Criminal justice system for young persons must be separate from that of adults and emphasize:

Back 21

Rehabilitation and reintegration
Fair accountability
Promptness of enforcement

Front 22

The measures taken against young people who commit offences should have:

Back 22

Reinforce respect for societal values
Encourage the repair of harm done to victims and community

Front 23

Special considerations that should apply to proceedings against young persons are:

Back 23

Protection of rights and freedoms
Courteous, compassionate, and respectful treatment of victims
Victims should be provided with information about proceedings and given opportunity to participate
Parents should be informed of measures and proceedings involving their children and encouraged to support them

Front 24

What are"extrajudicial measures"?

Back 24

They are ways of dealing with young persons who are in conflict with the law in a manner that reduces continued formal processing in the criminal justice system.

Front 25

Procedures

Back 25

Young persons have the same right to a bail hearing as adults but are not released on their own recognizance.

Front 26

A child is deemed to be in need of protection where:

Back 26

a) the child has suffered physical harm, inflicted by the person having charge of child.
b) there is a risk that the child is likely to suffer physical harm inflicted by the person having charge of the child.

Front 27

What is "workload data"?

Back 27

The amount of crime reported by the community and the workload faced by police.

Front 28

What is the "age of culpability"?

Back 28

Young people over the age of 12 years, deserving of blame in the commission of an offence.

Front 29

Kingston Penitentiary

Back 29

Opened in 1835 based on an American model in Auburn, New York.

Front 30

Parliament drafted the Canadian Criminal Code in...

Back 30

1891

Front 31

Juvenile Delinquents Act was introduced in ______ and passed in _____ .

Back 31

1907, 1908

Front 32

There were ____ brothels in Toronto at the time of Confederation.

Back 32

140

Front 33

Many reformers, such as ________ , saw the solution to both the delinquency problem and the labour problem in free and universal schooling.

Back 33

Egerton Ryerson