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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Age range |
Depends on who you ask! |
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Health promotion focuses on........... |
Risky behaviors |
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This is the _______ period |
Healthiest. Maximum muscle strength and dexterity at 25-30 |
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Skeletal growth slows to a near stop at what age? |
25 |
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When do things begin to go downhill |
At 40 our bone mass and density begin to decline |
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When are we finished growing? |
Females - 17 Men - 21 |
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Women have greater ______ |
Longevity |
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Women are more likely to ________ |
Seek healthcare |
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Next few slides are Health Perception-Health Management |
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Why do we do preventative care? |
To maximize health status |
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What kind of history should we focus on for this age group? |
Behavioral health history to get an idea of what kind of risk factors they may have for unintentional injuries. Not really concerned about illnesses since they are generally healthy |
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How often should we have a history/physical? |
Every 2 years. |
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What kind of screenings do we need? |
Self-breast Self-testicular PAP smear to detect cervical cancer starting at 18 |
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What kind of factors should we focus on after the age of 25? |
Coronary risk factors |
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Cholestorol |
Should be less than 200 |
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Blood sugar (Diabetes) |
Should be between 70-100 before eating
Diabetes 7th leading cause of death
Minorities at greatest risk
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Melanoma |
Severe skin cancer that can kill you. Do not recommend tanning beds SPF 20 sunscreen |
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Folliculitis |
Bacterial infection around hair shaft that is worse than an infected hair Need antibiotics |
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Chrons Disease |
Inflammation of the large intestine |
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Ulcerative colitis |
Inflammation of the large intestine |
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Vaccines |
Can still get HPV vaccine TB Hep B |
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What to look for during a self-exam (testicular/breast) |
Painless mass Could be cysts, but cysts can be painful. Men can do the light test - if you can see through it then it's not cancer |
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What can help women who are facing infertility or PMS? |
Birth control (hormones) Anxiety meds No salt diet No alcohol No sugar No caffeine Exercise |
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What kinds of questions should you ask a young adult regarding their Health Perception - Health Management pattern? |
Risk assessment questions: Do you wear a helmet? Do you drink alcohol and drive? Do you do illicit drugs? |
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Everyone should have a physical at what age? |
18 to determine the answers to the aforementioned questions |
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Mammogram frequency |
First one at or around age 40, repeat every 1-2 years until 45 Between age 45-54 we should get yearly mammograms (most risk for breast cancer here) >55 repeat every 2 years |
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Lyme disease |
Big issue if people get bit by a deer tick No vaccine!!!! |
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Leading cause of death among this age group: |
Unintentional injuries, including: Homicide Suicide Overdose Adventurous/daring/risky behavior This group believes death will never happen to them |
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What other threats are faced by this age group? |
Communicable diseases due to travel, social and sexual behaviors |
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Why are communicable diseases such a big deal (in general) |
Because of drug resistance |
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What is meant by drug resistance? |
New strains of drugs are emerging from some infections, and no antibiotics are yet available for them Incorrectly taking antibiotics- not completing entire course |
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Nutritional - Metabolic Pattern |
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Issues for this age group when it comes to nutrition |
Eating out, fast food, sedentary lifestyle |
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What should we teach regarding nutrition? |
Increased activity Low fat More fruits and veggies Limit portion sizes |
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Assessment for the nutritional-metabolic pattern |
BMI Waist circumference, blood pressure |
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BMI |
Under 25 = normal 30 or greater: medications considered AFTER diet and exercise 40 or greater: indicator for weight loss surgery despite diet, exercise and meds |
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Waist circumference |
Males should be less than 40 inches Females less than 35 inches |
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BP |
120/80 is healthy, higher BP indicates obesity |
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Common nutritional definencies in young adulthood |
Iron, folic acid, calcium |
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What nutrient should we really recommend for pregnant women? |
Folic acid to prevent spinal deformities |
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Should we recommend prenatal vitamins |
We do not prescribe, but they should be taking them because they cannot get everything they need from their diet |
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Pregnant women are usually ______ |
Anemic because the baby is storing all their iron |
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Elimination Pattern |
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Common complaints from young adults about elimination |
Constipation Hemorrhoids Diarrhea |
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Constipation |
Often related to diet, activity, and medications |
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Hemorrhoids |
Dilated blood vessels in or around anus from straining during constipation or childbirth |
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Diahhrea |
Related to diet, activity and meds |
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Eating disorders |
Persist from adolescence |
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What should we teach young adults about elimination? |
Report changes in elimination patterns Drink adequate fluids Fruits veggies Diet diet diet is critical to health!!!!!! |
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Activity-exercise pattern |
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Exercise recommendations: time |
30 mins a day/5 days a week |
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What activity is the best? |
Swimming |
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What other activities are okay? |
Jogging - damages joints Weight lifting - NOT extreme |
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Sun radiation/exposure tips |
Use SPF 20 or greater sunblock Sun-protective clothing Avoid tanning and sunbathing |
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Sports |
Get a good history of their usual recreational habits to guide activity-exercise education |
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Sleep-rest pattern |
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Young adults are subject to _______ |
Fatigue |
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What can cause fatigue in young adults? |
Stress (can cause lack of sleep) Varying work schedules Inactivity (can make you have trouble sleeping) |
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Recommendations for young adults regarding sleep |
Change activity Work through stressors Try out new tasks or physical activities (Do not recommend strenuous exercise before bed ) Put away devices!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
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Cognitive-Perceptual Pattern |
Oh here we go 😱 |
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Piaget |
Formal operations - problem solving Can see and analyze Intellectual growth enables them to recall performance and memory |
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Erikson stage |
Intimacy vs isolation |
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Intimacy characteristics |
Increased sense of competency/self-esteem Learns to develop reciprocal intimate relationships (which require mutual trust) Find love interest |
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Isolation characteristics |
Cannot get into a relationship Lack empathy Self absorbed Cynical, withdrawn Complain of loneliness |
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Kohlberg |
Post-conventional moral reasoning Define rights and mortality in terms of self-chosen principals. Often depends upon how you were raised There is no right and wrong answer to anything related to morals, just depends on the person |
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Right brain |
Processes spatial things better |
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Left brain (most people) |
Language, logical reasoning, planners |
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Woman brain |
Dominant on both sides |
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Post-conventional is more than just ____ |
Keeping order and following rules |
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Havighurst tasks |
Select a mate Learn to live with a marriage partner Start a family Manage a home Start an occupation Assume civic responsibility Find a congenial social group |
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Life transitional stages: |
7 year itch Maturational crises Situational crises |
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7 year itch |
Occur about every 7 years Happen when things just don't feel right and you suddenly want to change everything about your life Normal and actually lead to growth |
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Maturational crisis |
The fancy word for the 7 year itch |
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Situational crisis |
Can happen at any time when things occur that are unpredictavle |
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What happens when a Maturational crisis and a situational crisis occurs at the same time? |
It can lead to severe stress and depression, often leading to suicide Stress overload NANDA. Can have physical symptoms |
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Self-perception-self-concept pattern |
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The burden of financial and residential independence |
Although moving out and getting your own place was once expected, we don't see as much of it now, which can lead to poor self-concept |
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Adulthood in western culture today |
Focuses more on exploration and experimentation, rather than firm commitments |
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Employment issues for young adults |
Pay differentials by gender Variance in benefits Occupational hazards Stress of employment Childbearing choices, child care issues Increased job burden with decreased job security |
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Roles-Relationships pattern |
Your roles and relationships are all maturing!! You decide what role you want to play in the workplace and with your peers |
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Issues with roles-relationships pattern |
Violence Separation/divorce |
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Divorce/separation |
Affects the entire family!!!!!!! One may reevaluate their basic values, strengths, and even their personality Depression is common, but we recommend counseling and NOT medication |
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Violence |
80% of violence is isolated (homicide) Men are more likely to be violent |
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Homicide is the second leading cause of death in 15 to 24 year olds |
Js |
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Intimate partner violence and nursing |
Assessment, detection and treatment needed Do not minimize it !!! |
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Sexuality-Reproductive pattern |
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Sexuality-Reproductive issues |
Infertility Unintended pregnancy STDs |
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Infertility |
Affects 10 to 15% of US couples |
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What is the optimal child-bearing age? |
Between 25 and 30 |
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What method can be used to help aid in fertility? |
Assistive reproductive technologies, although these can be stressful and expensive |
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Teen birth rate is ________ |
Down |
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What causes half of all unplanned pregnancies? |
Failed contraceptive |
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What is our role in contraceptive counseling? |
See your provider!!!!!!! |
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STDs |
We recommend screening for these Multiple STDs increases chance of getting HIV |
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Coping-Stress Tolerance Pattern |
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For stress we should |
Assess assess assess!!!!! |
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What should we assess: |
Listen for physical complaints
Determine whether it's stress or whether there may be an underlying physical concern (we cannot diagnose. We can only direct them to a provider) |
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Physical complaints related to stress: |
Headache, not sleeping, tired |
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Suicide |
Leading cause of death for young adults |
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Cause of depression |
Unable to cope with stressful circumstances or events |
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Suicide by gender |
More women attempt suicide, while more men succeed |
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Assessment for suicide: |
Assess for depression and suicidal ideation Ask "Have you thought about suicide and do you have a plan?" |
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What should be done if they say they have a plan? |
They should be sent to the hospital immediently!!!!!! |
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Loss and Grief |
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Can people grieve their own death? |
Yes. They will need to finish things, conversations, and they will be concerned for those they are leaving behind. |
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Should we encourage those who are nearing death to talk about it? |
Yes. They don't want to, but they need to! |
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Anticipitory grieving |
You know something is going to happen so you begin grieving early |
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Dysfuntional grief: abnormal. Two types: |
Unresolved Inhibited |
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Unresolved grief |
Trouble expressing feelings or denying them altogether State of prolonged bereavement, goes on longer than a year |
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Inhibited grief |
Suppression of grief feelings, may have somatic symptoms Not able to express grief |
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Values-belief pattern |
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Health promotion for the values-belief pattern |
Altering values/beliefs that encourage poor health patterns and practices |
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Environmental processes |
Ethnicity, race, culture (minorities get short end of stick)
Accidents
Pollution Occupational hazards/stressors Chemical agents Cancer Unhealhy practices |
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Two types of pollution |
Noise Air |
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Noise pollution |
Increases risk of hearing loss. Mostly occur in work environment |
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Air pollution |
Automobile exhaust, industrial settings |
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MVA safety is important, including: |
Seat belts Use of alcohol Aggressive driving |
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The back of the brain is now producing common sense, but the front brain is still prominent, meaning what? |
That this age group still doesn't think death can happen to them. They therefore may still drive drunk, not wear seatbelts, etc. |
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Occupational hazards/stressors |
Young adults working hazardous jobs (vocational training needed) Periodic assessment and counseling for risks will be needed |
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Chemical agents |
Drug, alcohol, tobacco use |
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Drug use concerns |
Injury, disability, violence, social problems |
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Alcohol use concerns |
Accidents, future chronic conditions, binge drinking |
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Tobacco use concerns |
Leading cause of preventable death |
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Cancer causes |
work exposure to hazardous chemicals |
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Unhealthy practices that can contribute to the health of young adults |
Multiple sexual partners can increase risk of exposure to HPV (which leads to cervical cancer) Smoking can lead to multiple types of cancer |
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What sort of factors determine health |
Social factors and environment Culture and ethnicity Legislation Economics Homelessness Dual careers |
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What sets the standard for individual health? |
Neighborhood resources Does the family have access to transportation, insurance, etc.? |
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Nursing application |
Focus on maintaining optimal physical condition by encouraging healthy habits, screening for diseases, and treating illnesses Further screening, education or monitoring may be needed, but is determined on a situational basis |
