You Be The Chemist Review

Front 1

Scientific Method

Back 1

A method of procedure that scientists use when conducting an experiment.

Front 2

Parts of the Scientific Method

Back 2

Observation, Research, Hypothesis, Experiment, Data collection, analysis, Conclusion, Communication.

Front 3

Independent variable

Back 3

The variable scientists change in the experiment.

Front 4

Dependent Variable

Back 4

The variable scientists observe or measure to see if it is affected by a change in the independent variable.

Front 5

Controlled Experiment

Back 5

An experiment in which all variables except one are held constant.

Front 6

Control Group

Back 6

The group in an experiment or study that has no variables changed by the researchers.

Front 7

Experimental Group

Back 7

The group in which a variable is changed in an experiment.

Front 8

Constants

Back 8

Variables that should not change during an experiment.

Front 9

Theory

Back 9

An explanation of an event or phenomenon that is well supported by data.

Front 10

Law

Back 10

A description of a natural event or phenomenon shown to occur again and again under the same conditions.

Front 11

Accuracy

Back 11

How close a measured value is to the true measurement (true value) of something.

Front 12

Precision

Back 12

The ability to take the same measurement and get the same result over and over.

Front 13

Mass

Back 13

A measure of the quantity (or amount) of material in a substance.

Front 14

Weight

Back 14

A measure of the pull of gravity between an object and the earth (or the planets, sun, etc.).

Front 15

Length

Back 15

A measure of how long an object is or the distance an object spans.

Front 16

Volume

Back 16

The amount of space that matter occupies or takes up.

Front 17

Temperature

Back 17

A measure of the average kinetic energy (energy of motion) of particles of matter.

Front 18

Density

Back 18

The amount of matter per unit of volume.

Front 19

Pressure

Back 19

The amount of force exerted per unit area.

Front 20

Energy

Back 20

A measure of the ability to do work or generate heat.

Front 21

Kilogram

Back 21

SI unit of mass.

Front 22

Meter

Back 22

SI unit of length.

Front 23

Liter/Cubic Centimeter

Back 23

SI unit of volume.

Front 24

Degrees Celsius

Back 24

SI unit of temperature.

Front 25

Grams per Cubic Centimeter/Grams per Milliliter

Back 25

SI unit of density.

Front 26

Joule

Back 26

SI unit of energy.

Front 27

Pascal

Back 27

SI unit of pressure.

Front 28

Extrinsic Property

Back 28

Property that changes based on the amount of substance present.

Front 29

Intrinsic Property

Back 29

Property that does not change based on the amount of substance present.

Front 30

Tera

Back 30

Prefix for one trillion.

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Giga

Back 31

Prefix for one billion.

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Mega

Back 32

Prefix for one million.

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Kilo

Back 33

Prefix for one thousand.

Front 34

Hecto

Back 34

Prefix for one hundred.

Front 35

Deca

Back 35

Prefix for ten.

Front 36

Deci

Back 36

Prefix for one-tenth.

Front 37

Centi

Back 37

Prefix for one-hundredth.

Front 38

Milli

Back 38

Prefix for one-thousandth.

Front 39

Micro

Back 39

Prefix for one-millionth.

Front 40

Nano

Back 40

Prefix for one-billionth.

Front 41

Pico

Back 41

Prefix for one-trillionth.

Front 42

Scientific Notation

Back 42

A way of expressing numbers that are too big or too small to be conveniently written in decimal form.

Front 43

1.24032 × 10^11

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124,032,000,000 =

Front 44

9.7463 × 10^-6

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0.0000097463 =

Front 45

Pure Substance

Back 45

A uniform substance made up of one type of particle.

Front 46

Mixture

Back 46

Two or more substances that are combined physically but not chemically.

Front 47

Element

Back 47

A pure substance that cannot be broken down by normal chemical or physical means.

Front 48

Allotropes

Back 48

Different forms of the same element in the same physical state of matter.

Front 49

Compound

Back 49

A pure substance made up of two or more elements joined in a defined ratio.

Front 50

Homogeneous

Back 50

A type of mixture that appears uniform throughout.

Front 51

Solution

Back 51

A homogeneous mixture in which one or more substances (solutes) are dissolved in another substance (solvent).

Front 52

Solute

Back 52

The substance that is dissolved in the solution.

Front 53

Solvent

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The substance that the solute is dissolved in in a solution.

Front 54

Soluble

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Able to be dissolved, especially in water.

Front 55

Heterogenous

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A mixture in which the components are not mixed evenly or uniformly distributed throughout.

Front 56

Colloid

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Mixture of fine particles.

Front 57

Sol

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Solid in liquid or solid.

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Gel

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Liquid in solid.

Front 59

Foam

Back 59

Gases finely spread through liquid or solid.

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Aerosol

Back 60

Colloidal suspension of liquid or fine solid in gas.

Front 61

Emulsion

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Liquid in liquid.

Front 62

Physical

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A property of matter that can be observed without changing the substance into another substance.

Front 63

Chemical

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Property determined by the ability of a substance to react with or change into another substance.

Front 64

Solid

Back 64

Substance with a definite volume and a definite shape.

Front 65

Liquid

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Substance without a definite volume and with a definite shape.

Front 66

Gas

Back 66

Substance without a definite volume or shape.

Front 67

Effusion

Back 67

The movement of gas particles through a small hole in a container from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.

Front 68

Diffusion

Back 68

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Front 69

Molecular Mass

Back 69

The mass of one molecule of a substance.

Front 70

Plasma

Back 70

An ionized gas.

Front 71

Surface Tension

Back 71

A property of liquids that describes the attraction of liquid molecules at the surface.

Front 72

Viscosity

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A measure of a liquid's resistance to flow.

Front 73

Crystalline

Back 73

This solid is made up of atoms or molecules that are organized in specific repeating patterns. These regular, repeating patterns form crystals.

Front 74

Amorphous

Back 74

A solid made up of atoms or molecules that do not organize into a specific form or a neat, repeating structure.

Front 75

Physical

Back 75

Any change in a substance’s form that does not change its chemical makeup.

Front 76

Phase Change

Back 76

A change from one state to another.

Front 77

Melting

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Solid to Liquid.

Front 78

Freezing

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Liquid to Solid.

Front 79

Vaporization

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Liquid to Gas.

Front 80

Condensation

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Gas to Liquid.

Front 81

Sublimation

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Solid to Gas.

Front 82

Deposition

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Gas to Solid.

Front 83

Dew point

Back 83

The temperature at which a gas begins to condense into a liquid.

Front 84

Phase changes occur because a substance has been given energy or because energy has been taken away.

Back 84

Why do phase changes occur?

Front 85

Chemical Change

Back 85

A change that takes place when atoms of a/some substance(s) are rearranged.

Front 86

Energy

Back 86

The ability to do work or produce heat.

Front 87

Law of conservation of energy

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Energy can change from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Front 88

Kinetic Energy

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Energy of Motion.

Front 89

Formula for Kinetic Energy

Back 89

1/2 × mv^2.

Front 90

Potential Energy

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Stored energy.

Front 91

Formula for Potential Energy

Back 91

mgh.

Front 92

Mechanical Energy

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Energy determined by the motion or position of an object.

Front 93

Exothermic Change

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A change that releases energy.

Front 94

Endothermic change

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A change that absorbs energy.

Front 95

Separation Process

Back 95

A process that divides a mixture into two or more different parts.

Front 96

Filtration

Back 96

A way of separating a mixture based on differences in size between the particles that make up different parts of the mixture.

Front 97

Precipitation

Back 97

A means of separating a component in a solution by reacting it with another substance to form a solid.

Front 98

Atom

Back 98

The smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element.

Front 99

Proton

Back 99

A subatomic particle with symbol p or p+ with a +1 charge.

Front 100

Neutron

Back 100

A neutral particle with symbol n or n0 with a 0 charge.

Front 101

Nucleus

Back 101

The tiny, dense core of an atom, with nearly all its mass.

Front 102

Electron

Back 102

A tiny particle symbolized e or e-, with a -1 charge.

Front 103

Quark

Back 103

A small particle that makes up protons and neutrons with a charge of either +2/3 or -1/3.

Front 104

Types of Quark

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Up, Down, Charm, Strange, Top, Bottom.

Front 105

Molecule

Back 105

A neutral particle composed of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

Front 106

Atomic Number

Back 106

The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus.

Front 107

Mass Number

Back 107

The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.

Front 108

Chemical symbol

Back 108

An abbreviation or short representation of a chemical element.

Front 109

Ion

Back 109

An atom that has gained or lost an electron.

Front 110

Anion

Back 110

A negatively charged ion.

Front 111

Cation

Back 111

A positively charged ion.

Front 112

Ionization

Back 112

The process of becoming an ion (gaining or losing an electron).

Front 113

Isotopes

Back 113

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Front 114

Atomic Weight

Back 114

The “weighted” average mass of all of an element’s isotopes.

Front 115

Periodic Table

Back 115

A table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number.

Front 116

Group

Back 116

A vertical column of the periodic table.

Front 117

Period

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A horizontal row of the periodic table.

Front 118

Metal

Back 118

A solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity.

Front 119

Nonmetal

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A material (usually a gas) that typically has poor electrical and thermal conductivity and a lower melting point than metals (except for carbon).

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Metalloid

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A material with properties between metals and nonmetals.

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Alkali Metal

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A metal in group IA.

Front 122

Alkali Earth Metal

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A metal in group IIA.

Front 123

Transition Metal

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A metal in groups IIIA - IIB.

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Halogen

Back 124

A metal in group VIIA.

Front 125

Noble Gas

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A metal in group VIIIA.

Front 126

Inner transition metals

Back 126

Consists of Lanthanides and Actinides and are not part of any group.

Front 127

Lanthanide series

Back 127

Inner transition metals of period 6.

Front 128

Actinide Series

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Inner transition metal of period 7.

Front 129

Electron Configuration

Back 129

The term for how electrons are arranged in an atom.

Front 130

Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle

Back 130

States that it is impossible to measure two properties of a quantum object, such as its position and momentum (or energy and time), simultaneously with infinite precision.

Front 131

Orbital

Back 131

An area that an electron is likely to be in.

Front 132

Principal Quantum Number

Back 132

A whole number (1, 2, 3 …) that gives us an idea of the size of the orbital.

Front 133

Subshell

Back 133

A subdivision of electron shells separated by electron orbitals.

Front 134

Beaker

Back 134

A wide, open container with a flat bottom made of glass or plastic.

Front 135

Flask

Back 135

A glass container with a thin “neck” that widens to a rounded base. Flasks can be used to measure, heat, or store liquids.

Front 136

Erlenmeyer flask

Back 136

A flask with a cone-shaped base.

Front 137

Florence flask

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A round flask that may have a rounded or flatbottomed base.

Front 138

Volumetric Flask

Back 138

A flask with a pear-shaped base and a long neck that can hold a certain volume, marked by a black line.

Front 139

Test tube

Back 139

A small cylindrical glass tube that has a rounded, U-shaped bottom.

Front 140

Buret

Back 140

A long glass cylinder used to accurately measure and dispense a specific volume of liquid.

Front 141

Graduated cylinder

Back 141

A tall, cylindrical container used to measure the volume of a liquid.

Front 142

Triple-beam balance

Back 142

A device used to measure the mass of an object by comparing the objects’ mass to the mass of predetermined “weights” known as riders.

Front 143

Analytical Balance

Back 143

Measures masses with its pan with great accuracy.

Front 144

Thermometer

Back 144

A device used to measure temperature.

Front 145

Manometer

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A device used to measure the pressure of a fluid.

Front 146

Barometer

Back 146

A type of manometer used to measure atmospheric pressure.

Front 147

Pipette

Back 147

A device used to measure and move a liquid from one container to another.

Front 148

Bunsen burner

Back 148

A flame for laboratory experiments. The flame burns at the top of a vertical metal tube connected to a natural gas source.

Front 149

Safety data sheet

Back 149

This gives workers, emergency personnel, and all of us informationabout the proper way to handle or work with a certain substance.