Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
What is the derivation of the word yoga?
|
Yujir = to bind, join, yoke. It means union.
Yuj = restraint. |
|
|
|
What is the definition of yoga?
|
Yoga is the union of the individual self with the universal self. It is an art which brings a scattered mind to a coherent state to have communion with Divinity.
|
|
|
|
What is the basic text of yoga?
|
Patanjala yoga sutra = the yoga sutras (aphorisms) of Patanjali.
|
|
|
|
How many chapters and sutras are in the Patanjala Yoga Sutra?
|
Four padas, or chapters, and 196 sutras.
|
|
|
|
How has Patanjali described yoga? (sutra)
|
Yoga cittavrtti nirodhah (1st Pada, 2nd sutra).
Citta = consciousness Vrtti = modifications of consciousness Nirodhah = restraint or cessation Yoga is the cessation of movements in the consciousness. |
|
|
|
What are the eight limbs of yoga (Sanskrit)?
|
Yama
Niyama Asana Pranayama Pratyahara Dharana Dhyana Samadhi |
|
|
|
What are yamas (general definition)?
|
Universal moral injunctions
Don'ts Ethical disciplines that govern one's social conduct towards others |
|
|
|
What are the five Yamas (Sanskrit and English translation)?
|
Ahimsa = nonviolence
Satya = truth Asteya = non-stealing Bramacharya = continenance Aparigraha = non-covetessness, non-hoarding |
|
|
|
What are niyamas?
|
Individual disciplines
"Do's" Rules of conduct towards oneself |
|
|
|
What are the five niyamas?
|
Saucha = cleanliness
Santosa = contentment Tapas = ardor Svadhyaya = Study of scriptures, study of the self Isvara pranidhana = surrendering the fruits of our actions to the Lord |
|
|
|
What is Iyengar yoga?
|
Iyengar yoga is classical Astanga (8-limbed) yoga, as defined and taught by Sri BKS Iyengar. Mr. Iyengar focuses on correct understanding and action in asana and pranayama, as well as practice of asana and pranayama within the context of study of all 8 limbs of yoga. Mr. Iyengar believes that yoga is for all - young and old, flexible and stiff, weak and strong. He provides guidance in use of props such as the wall, bricks, straps, blankets, and ropes, so that all can practice poses safely and correctly, while exploring the next level in their practice of asana.
|
|
|
|
What is the 1st line of the invocation & what does it mean?
|
Yogena cittasya padena vacam
Patanjali gave us yoga to still the consciousness (citta) and grammar to purify our words (pada) and speech (vacam) |
|
|
|
What is the 2nd line of the invocation & what does it mean?
|
Malam sarirasya ca vaidyakena
He gave us the science of medicine (vaidyakena) to cure illnesses (malam) of the body |
|
|
|
What is the 3rd line of the invocation & what does it mean?
|
Yopakarottam pravaram muninam
Let me draw near to the one who has given us these things |
|
|
|
What is the 4th line of the invocation & what does it mean?
|
Patanjali pranjalir anottos'mi
I bow with folded hads to the Lord Patanjali |
|
|
|
What is the 5th line of the invocation & what does it mean?
|
Abahu purusakaram
From the hand to the head (abahu) he has the shape (karam) of a person (purusa) |
|
|
|
What is the 6th line of the invocation & what does it mean?
|
Sanka cakrasi dharinam
In his hand he holds a conch (sanka) and disk (cakra) |
|
|
|
What is the 7th line of the invocation & what does it mean?
|
Sahasra sirasam swettam
On his head is the thousand (sahasra) - headed (sirsa) white (swettam) cobra |
|
|
|
What is the 8th line of the invocation & what does it mean?
|
Pranamami Patanjalim
I bow to the Lord Patanjali |
|
|
|
How many groups of asanas are described in "Yoga in Action"?
|
Eight
|
|
|
|
What are the groups of asanas described in "Yoga in Action"?
|
Utthista sthiti = Standing
Upavista sthiti = Sitting Paschima pratana sthiti = forward extensions Supta sthiti = Reclining poses Purva pratana sthiti = Back extensions Parivrtta sthiti - lateral extensions Viparita sthiti = Inversions Visranta Karaka asanas = Restorative asanas |
|
|
|
Tadasana (translate name and categorize pose)
|
Tada = mountain
Asana = posture |
Standing - Utthistha sthiti
|
|
|
Vrksasana
(Translate and name type of pose) |
Tree pose
|
Utthista sthiti
|
|
|
Utkatasana
|
Utkata = fierce. Commonly called "chair pose"
|
Utthista sthiti
|
|
|
Utthita Trikonasana
|
Extended triangle pose
|
Utthista sthiti
|
|
|
Virabhadrasana II
|
Warrior II, pose dedicated to Virabhadra, the great warrior created from a strand of Shiva's matted locks
|
Utthista sthiti
|
|
|
Utthita Parsvakonasana
|
Extended Side Angle pose
|
Utthista sthiti
|
|
|
Ardha Chandrasana
|
Half moon pose
|
Utthista sthiti
|
|
|
Parsvottanasana
(modifications) |
Parsva = side, Ut = intense, Tan = stretch
(arms down, concave and convex) |
Utthista sthiti
|
|
|
What are options for positions of the hands in Parsvottanasana?
|
1-Hands down to floor or blocks
2-Clasp elbows behind the waist 3-Paschima namaskar |
|
|
|
Parighasana
|
Gate pose
|
Utthista sthiti
|
|
|
Padangusthasana
(modification) |
Pada = foot or leg, angustha = toe
(concave and downward-extending spine) |
Utthista sthiti
|
|
|
Padahastasana
(modification) |
Pada = foot or leg, hasta = hand
(concave and downward-extending spine) |
Utthista sthiti
|
|
|
Uttanasana
(modification) |
Ut = intense, tan = stretch
(concave spine) |
Utthista sthiti
|
|
|
Adho Mukha Svanasana
(modification) |
Adho = down, Mukha = face, Svana = dog
(with support: hands or feet to wall, or head to block) |
Utthista sthiti
|
|
|
Dandasana
|
Staff pose
|
Upavista sthiti
|
|
|
Gomukhasana
(modification) |
Cow face pose
(arms only) |
Utthista sthiti (for arms only variation)
|
|
|
Prasarita Padottanasana
(modification) |
Prasarita = spread out, pada = foot, Ut = intense, Tan = stretch
(concave back) |
Utthista sthiti
|
|
|
Siddhasana
|
Siddha = perfect, accomplished
|
Upavista sthiti (???)
|
|
|
Virasana
|
Hero pose
|
Upavista sthiti
|
|
|
Parvatasana in Svastikasana
|
Parvata = a mountain
Svastika = sign of auspiciousness |
Upavista sthiti
|
|
|
Triang Mukhaikapada Paschimottanasana
|
Triang = 3 base (foot, knee, buttock), Mukha = face, eka = one, pada = foot or leg, paschima = west, ut = intense, tan = stretch
|
Forward extension - Paschima Pratana sthiti
|
|
|
Marichysana I
(modification) |
Pose in honor of the sage Marichy(?), son of Brahman and grandfather of Surya, the sun god
(twist only) |
Paschima Pratana sthiti
|
|
|
Malasana
(modification) |
Wreath pose
(a-sacrum to wall, arms // floor) (b-away from wall, feet on rolled blanket, knees together, arms // floor) |
???
|
|
|
Samasthiti
(alternative name for what pose) |
Sama = Still, stable
Sthiti = Straight, balanced (alternative name for Tadasana) |
Standing - Utthistha sthiti
|
|
|
Salamba Sarvangasana I
|
Sa = with
Alamba= a support or prop Sarva = all Anga = limb or body I (one) - hands on back |
Inversion - Viparita sthiti
|
|
|
What are the benefits of Salamba Sarvangasana?
|
It develops patience and emotional stability. It rests the heart and brings fresh blood to the chest. Due to the chinlock the thyroid parathyroid glands get an ample supply of blood. Because the head remains firm, nerves are soothed and headaches disappear.
|
|
|
|
Halasana (modification)
|
Hala = plow
(Feet on stool) |
Inversion - Viparita sthiti
|
|
|
Karnapidasana
|
Karna = ear
Pida = pressure |
Inversion - Viparita sthiti
|
|
|
Supta Konasana
|
Supta = lying down
Kona = angle |
Inversion - Viparita sthita
|
|
|
Chatush Padasana
|
Chatur = four
Pada = foot |
?
|
|
|
Setubandha Sarvangasana
(modification) |
Setu Bandha = formation of a bridge
Sarva = entire, all Anga = limb, body (sacrum supported on a block) |
Restorative - Visranta Karaka Asana (per Preliminary Course)
|
|
|
Urdhva Prasarita Padasana (modification)
|
Urdhva = upright, above, high
Prasarita = extended, stretched out Pada = foot (90 degrees) |
Abdominal - Udara akunchana sthiti
|
|
|
Bharadvajasana I (modification)
|
Bharadvaaja = father of Drona, a military leader
(turning, without holding the upper arm) |
Lateral extension - Parivrtta sthiti
|
|
|
Savasana (modification)
|
Sava = corpse
(on bolster with eyes covered) |
Restorative - Visranta karaka asana
|
|
|
Translate Ujjayi Pranayama.
|
Jud = upwards or expanding, Jaya = victory or conquest. In Ujjayi Pranayama the chest and lungs are fully expanded like those of a hero or conqueror.
|
|
|
|
Describe Ujjayi I
|
Reclining, normal inhalation (Puraka), natural pause, normal exhalation (Rechaka). Expand the chest upwards and outwards. Fill and empty both lungs evenly.
|
|
|
|
Describe Ujjayi II
|
Reclining, normal inhalation (Puraka), slow, deep and complete exhalation (Rechaka). Expand the chest upwards and outwards on the inhalation. Fill and empty both lungs evenly.
|
|
|
|
What are acceptable positions for Ujjayi II?
|
Reclining. Any arrangement of blankets or support so that head is tilted slightly down (chin below forehead), chest is broad and lifted, abdomen soft, lumbar spine long, and legs straight and fully supported by the floor.
|
|
|
|
Describe Viloma I
|
Reclining. Interrupted Puraka (e.g. 2 sec inhale, 2 sec hold, etc.) until lungs are full; followed by complete and uninterrupted Rechaka, followed by normal pause.
|
|
|
|
Describe Viloma II
|
Reclining. Slow, complete uninterrupted inhalation (Puraka), followed by interrupted exhalation (Rechaka) until lungs are emptied, followed by normal pause.
|
|
|
|
What is the function of Jalandhara Bandha?
|
It regulates the flow of blood and Prana to the heart and to the glands in the neck and to the brain.
|
|
|
|
What are the benefits of Pranayama?
|
It calms the nerves and cools the brain. The chest feels strong and the body light and fresh. (GFW p. 309)
|
|
|
|
Translate Viloma Pranayama
|
Vi = negation, Loma = hair. Viloma means against the hair, or against the natural order. In Viloma Pranayama either the inhalation or exhalation of the breath is interrupted.
|
|
|
|
What is the position of the hands in sitting Pranayama?
|
Rest the back of the wrists on the knees/thighs and place the hands in Jnana Mudra (thumb & index finger touching) with the other fingers loose.
|
|
|
|
What are the 4 stages to learn Virab I, as described in "Preliminary Course"?
|
1- Turn the torso
2-Turn the torso and bend the front leg 3-Extend the arms to the side (Vimanasana) 4-Extend the arms overhead |
|
|
|
What poses on the T-in-T syllabus should be avoided during menses?
|
Ardha halasana
Salamba sarvangasana Karnapidasana Supta konasana |
|
|
|
What is the position of the head in sitting Pranayama?
|
The chin rests on the notch between the collarbones & the neck & throat are contracted. Jalandhara Bandha or chin lock. Jala = net, bandha = binding.
|
|
|
|
Name and translation of 1st Pada of Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
|
Samadhi Pada
|
Sama = level, impartial, good
Adhi = over and above (the seer) Samadhi = last stage of the 8-fold path of yoga, seeing the soul face to face (LOYSP p.4) |
|
|
Theme of 1st Pada of Yoga Sutras
|
It describes the nature of Samadhi. For those who are highly evolved, it enables them to maintain their state of wisdom. For the uninitiated majority, it is an enticing prospect, drawing us to the path of yogic discipline (LOYSP p 4-5)
|
|
|
|
Name and translation of 2nd Pada of Yoga Sutras
|
Sadhana Pada
|
Sadhana = practice
|
|
|
Theme of 2nd Pada
|
Teaching the spiritually unevolved how to practice and to follow the yogic path. Defines the 8 limbs. Explores in depth the first 5 limbs.
|
|
|
|
Name and translation of 3rd Pada
|
Vibhuti Pada
|
Vibhuti = Powers, properties of yoga
|
|
|
Theme of 3rd Pada
|
Describes the divine effects of yoga practice (Sadhana)
|
|
|
|
Name and translation of 4th Pada
|
Kaivalya Pada
|
Kaivalya = absolute state of aloneness, eternal emancipation
|
|
|
Theme of 4th Pada
|
Distinguishes kaivalya from samadhi. In Samadhi, the sadhakha experiences a passive state of oneness between the seer and the seen. In kaivalya, he lives in a positive state of life, above the influences of nature.
|
|
