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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a Mineral? |
A chemical compound that makes up rocks. |
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What is the difference between a mineral and a rock |
A mineral is made up of one substance A rock contains multiple minerals with a few exceptions. These contain one to two types of minerals |
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What are 5 physical properties of Minerals? |
Harness Lustre Colour Cleavage Density |
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What are the three types of rocks? |
Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic |
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Fill the blanks: Igneous rock is formed when ______ rock _____ and ______. |
Molten, Cools, Solidifies |
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What are the two types of Molten rock? |
Magma and Lava |
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What are the two types of Igneous rocks? |
Intrusive and Extrusive |
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How are extrusive igneous rocks formed? |
When lava cools and solidifies on the surface of the earth |
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How quickly does the lava have to cool for an extrusive rock to form? |
It has to form quickly |
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What are 3 examples of Extrusive igneous rocks? |
Pumice Volcanic glass scoria basalt |
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How is Pumice formed? |
It is formed when molten rock is rapidly blown out of the volcanoes crater, forming bubbles |
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What is volcanic glass? |
Volcanic glass is a black rock that cools so quickly that crystal grains do not form |
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What is Soria? |
Soria is a light weight rock formed when molten is rapidly blown out of the volcanoes crater, forming bubbles and loosing pressure |
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What is basalt? |
Basalt is a dark coloured, fine grained rock |
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How are Intrusive igneous rocks formed? |
They are formed when magma solidifies below the surface of the earth |
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How fast do Intrusive igneous rocks cool? |
It cools slowly, so there is more time for the mineral grains to form |
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What are the two main types of Intrusive igneous rocks? |
Granit and Dolerite |
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What is Granite? |
Granite is a light-coloured rock with large grains and crystals |
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What is Dolerite? |
Dolerite is a medium-grained rock which is found in volcanic plugs which channel to the surface |
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What is Weathering? |
It is the physical and chemical process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces (sediments) |
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How can Physical weathering occur? |
Temperature, Water and ice, Wind, Living plants |
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What is Temperature in physical weathering? |
Fast contraction and expanding causes the rock to split into pieces and break off |
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What is water in physical weathering? |
Water in the cracks of the rock solidifies (freezes) and expands which splits it or water flowing can gradually wear away the rock |
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What is wind in physical weathering? |
Fine particles carried away by the wind can blast a rock's surface, wearing pieces away |
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What is living plants in physical weathering? |
Plant rocks can split rocks when grown through fine cracks in the rock, as the roots thicken it can also spilt the rocks |
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What is Chemical weathering? |
it involves water and chemicals in the water and air reacting with the rock and changing it |
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What are the three types of chemical weathering? |
Gases. acids and water |
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What are Gases in chemical weathering? |
Oxygen in air reacts with some types of rock to produce chemicals (rust) that hold together well, causing the rocks to crumble |
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What are acidsin chemical weathering? |
Rainwater contains dilute acids that attack the rock |
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What is waterin chemical weathering? |
Some rocks contain soluble materials which can dissolve in water, removing the cement that holds the rock together |
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What is erosion? |
Erosion is the process when sediments produced by weathering are carried away by wind, water, ice, machinery or gravity |
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What is Sedimentation/ deposition? |
Sedimentation is when sediments are deposited somewhere |
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What are Sedimentary rocks? |
Sedimentary rocks form when sediments particles are cemented together |
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What are the three types of sedimentary rocks? |
Clastic Chemical Organic |
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What are Clastic sedimentary rocks? |
Clastic rocks are formed sediments derived from weathered rocks They contain many fossils such as shells and dead organisms |
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What are three examples of Clastic Sedimentary rocks? |
Conglomerate, sandstone, and shale |
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What is Conglomerate? |
it is a clastic sedimentary that contains large rounded clasts The space between the clasts is generally filled with smaller particles |
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What is Sandstone? |
it is a clastic sedimentary rock which is composed of sand-sized grains of minerals |
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What is shale? |
it is a clastic sedimentary rock which is fine-grained It forms the compaction of silt and clay-size mineral particles which we call mud. |
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How are Chemical Sedimentary rock formed? |
They are formed when dissolved materials in water crystallize -> While the water evaporates the crystals form and settle to the bottom of sea/lake -> Once the water is evaporated the crystals are cemented together to form rocks |
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What is Chemical sedimentary rock? |
They have crystals, usually quite soft, rare to see layering in them, do not contain fossil |
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What are two examples of chemical Sedimentary rock? |
Rock salt and gypsum |
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How is Organic sedimentary rock formed? |
Formed from dead animal or plant material, this accumulates and is cemented together by sediments, it is then compressed and eventually becomes coal |
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What isOrganic sedimentary rock? |
it is a sedimentary rock that can be layered, depending on the way in which the fossils and sediments are deposited |
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What are two examples of Organic sedimentary rock? |
Limestone and coal |
